सोमवार 16 जनवरी 1984 की अव्यक्त मुरली

हिंदी को ISO 15919 पर आधारित अनुकूलित लिप्यंतरण के साथ रोमन अक्षरों में भी दिखाया जाता है।

लिप्यंतरण कैसे पढ़ें

यह साइट ISO 15919 पर आधारित लिप्यंतरण का प्रयोग करती है। पढ़ना आसान बनाने के लिए c, ś और ṣ के बाद h तथा स्वर r̥ के बाद i जोड़ा जाता है। इन बदलावों से यह भारत में प्रयुक्त हंटरियन प्रणाली के करीब आता है, जबकि ISO 15919 के विशिष्ट चिह्न बने रहते हैं।

इस साइट पर किए गए बदलाव
ISO 15919इस साइट पर
cch
śśh
ṣṣh
r̥r̥i

पढ़ने के कुछ संकेत:

  • ā, ī, ū: अक्षर के ऊपर की रेखा दीर्घ स्वर दर्शाती है।
  • ṭ, ḍ, ṇ: नीचे का बिंदु मूर्धन्य व्यंजनों को t, d, n से अलग करता है।
  • स्वर के ऊपर टिल्ड चिह्न अनुनासिक उच्चारण दर्शाता है।
दिखाई जाने वाली श्रेणियाँ
इस क्रम के बारे में

Words are sorted according to their importance. A word will be considered important if it is used several times in the murli and if this word does not appear as often in other murlis. This importance is calculated by what is called tf-idf (term frequency * inverse document frequency). This score appears in parentheses. The first words are good candidates as keywords.

An independent, sovereign state.
Independence, autonomy, home-rule, self-government.
(Bābā) The state of the soul when it has attained complete control over its sense-organs, mind, intellect and sanskaras. The soul can be seen as the king of a kingdom of its own: the body and the 3 faculties of the soul (man, buddhi and sanskār).

Australia.

Theft, burglary, pilferage.

To massage.
To flatter, to try to appease.

Almighty.

Memory, remembering. repetition (especially of the name of God).
A small rosary worn on the wrist.

King, ruler, governor, one who has the right to rule.

Self-sovereign, self-governor, self-king, self-master. One who controls his mind, his intellect, his sanskars (man-buddhi-sanskār) and his faculties of interaction (karmēndriy).

Sleep.

Firm, irrevocable, resolute, unwavering, steadfast.

The whole, complete, undivided, indivisible.

Alive, living, active.

Coquetry, airs, feigned air, vanity.
Pride.

Goddess and god.

Assembly, meeting, company.
Council.
A sitting of the king in council.
A judicial court, hall of audience.

(One) who has three eyes. The third eye is that of wisdom.
(Bābā) One who has the third “eye” of wisdom, which opens through spiritual knowledge and yoga.

Persian word derived from the Sindhi word "sik" which means "very dear". Just like ordinary parents, after waiting a lot, have a lot of sik-sik (love) for the child at birth. Likewise after 5000 years, the children meet at the confluence, then there is a lot of love for the children.
(Bābā) Who disappear and then are found after a long time.

A garland (of flowers), wreath.
Rosary, string of beads.
Series, chain, row, line.

Photo, photograph.

Husband, master.

Desire, yearning.
Predilection, taste, fancy.
Eagerness, pleasure (in doing something).
A hobby.

A branch, a small branch, a twig.
A basket (to hold flowers or fruit).
A basket of fruit, &c.
A present of fruit, sweetmeats, &c. (brought on a tray).

Deep, intimate, sound, strong, dark, viscous, heavy, profound, grave, weighty, harsh.

Before, in front of; opposite, facing, confronting, being face to face.

Safe.

Parents, mother and father.

Waking, awake.
Watchful, vigilant.
Fully efficacious (as a deity's influence), potent; manifest.
Active, being in the full exercise of its power, virtue, or efficacy (as an idol, or a charm or spell, or a medicine, &c.).

Light, ray of light, brilliance, lustre, refulgence, splendour, illumination.

Knowledgeful.

To press, to press down.
To suppress, to cause to yield/submit, to coerce.
To cow down, to subdue.
To hush up.
To cool down.
To cover.
(Bābā) To massage.

Immovable, immobile, stationary, motionless, still, firm.

The neck, the front part of the neck, throat, gullet.
Voice.

With, together with, along with, accompanied by.

To wake up, to awaken.

Side, direction.

Deception, deceit, fraud, cheating, guile, subterfuge. A scarecrow.

Give your mind to me ; Remember Me alone ; Fix your mind on one ; Fix your mind on me; Remember Father.

Eye.

State, condition.
(plural) Conditions, circumstances.

Playfulness, sportiveness, wantonness, sprightnness, gayety, frolic; capriciousness, waywardness; giddiness, frivolity, levity, silliness, childishness; simplicity, artlessness, innocence.
Carelessness, indifference; strangeness, oddness, singularity, peculiarity.
Smartness, spruceness, foppishness; airs, blandishments, coquettishness; charm, fascination; beauty, prettiness, elegance.
(Bābā) Carelessness.

To protect, guard, preserve, foster, nourish, cherish, bring up, rear, breed, domesticate.
To adopt.
Parents' sustenance, care, upbringing, support.

One who practices yōg to become a rājā (king).

Interest, liking, taste, relish, fancy.

(imperative of 'to be', 'to become' in Sanskrit) Just become.
(Bābā) The word introduces a blessing 'May you be...' placed at the beginning in English but at the end in Hindi.

The world.
One of the three worlds: svarg (heaven), pr̥thvī (Earth), pātāl (hell).
One of the fourteen worlds (of which seven are above and seven below).
People, folk, public.
Popular, public.

Point, dot.
Zero.
Spot.
(in Indian dramaturgy) a point in drama where a minor episode begins to take shape.
A drop.
Bull's eye (in shooting).

Light, flame, lustre.
Vision.

(Hinduism) One of the five valiant sons of King Pāṇḍu, and the heroes of the Mahābhārat (Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva).
(Bābā) Brother.
(Bābā) Spiritual guide showing all the souls the true path.
(Bābā) The Pandavas, those who have love for God in their intellect; Brahmins of the Confluence age.

In order, orderly.
According to his rank, his position.

Jewel, gem.

Creator one who makes.

'Making one's own,' taking on one's self, assent, agreement, consent, acquiescence, acknowledgment, acceptance.

A star.
Fortune, fate, destiny.

Intoxication, drunkenness.

Protection, shelter, patronage.

A devotee.

Carefree, careless, unworried, unmindful.
(Bābā) Worriless, free from anxiety, without worries.

Daily routine.
Daily observance of bk rules throughout the day.

Immortal, eternal, undying.
A god, deity.

Head.
Top, apex, highest part or point.

Key.

Even if, even though.

To fall.

Emperor, king, monarch, sovereign.

A lover.
Loving, affectionate.

Love, affection, fondness.

Seeing the three times: the past, the present and the future; omniscient; Rishi or divine sage.

To decorate, to adorn, to embellish, to beautify.
To furnish.
To arrange.
To dress neatly.

Fate, destiny.

Kingdom, rule, reign, polity, the state.

Indestructible, imperishable, everlasting, immortal, entire.

Who wears the crown.
Who possesses the crown.

Set

Far from, far off from.

To cause to reach, to reach.
To carry.
To transmit, to convey.
To lead.

Dwelling, abiding (in), inhabiting.
A resident (of), an inhabitant; a native (of).

Helper, supporter, assistant.

Wait.

Combined.

The other coast, the other bank, the other side.
Extremity, limit, conclusion, end.
Across, on the other side, on the other bank, on the other coast.
Past, last, next.

Liberation, freedom; deliverance.
Final deliverance, salvation.

Enthroned, installed on the throne.

A call, summons, invocation, citation.

Right, authority, command, possession, occupation, entitlement.

Tree, shrub.

Address, whereabouts, information, knowledge.

Beloved, dear, valued, prized, liked, desired; pleasing, amiable, agreeable, kind.
A beloved object, lover, husband.

Army, the military.

Courage, boldness.

Anew, afresh.

Seat.

The Illusion of the world which makes us believe false things and distances us from the Truth taught by God. The world, nature, the universe is not in itself an illusion. It is an eternal reality as is the soul and the Supreme Soul.

Double.

Standing, erect, upright, straight, vertical, steep, stationary.

Majority.

Even so, even then, in spite of this/that, nevertheless, nonetheless, still. (often used with bhal 'even though')

In front of, ahead of, before.

To open, to unfold, to untie, to detach, to unravel, to unroll, to unfasten.

To sleep.

To recognize, to identify. To distinguish, to discern, to discriminate.

Granting a favor or a wish, blessing.
(Hindu mythology) A blessing, typically a supernatural power, granted to an ascetic by a god or goddess.

The four, the whole four, all four.

Foot, leg.

Single, lonely, lonesome, solitary.

To obtain, to acquire, to receive, to undergo, to endure, to submit, to incur.

Crown, diadem.

Congratulations. Best wishes.

A dream.

To write, to enter, register, record, inscribe, note, compose (a work), enter (in a book).

Unobstructed, uninterrupted, untroubled, secure from impediments.
Unobstructedly, freely, securely.

Bank, shore, edge, border, verge.

Title.

A gem, precious stone.
The most outstanding individual of a class.
The pupil of the eye.
(in comp.) Anything valuable or desirable, any precious thing, anything excellent or best of its kind (e.g. strī-ratn, 'a pearl of a woman').

Return.

Near (in place or time), beside, proximate, close by, at hand.

To be contained, to enter, to fit, to permeate.

To spread, to be diffused, to expand, to extend, to be stretched, to be radiated, to be scattered, to spill, to become public.
To be inflated, to be on the increase.
To get uncontrorablle (through anger), to listen to no entreaties, to be angrily cross.

Ledger or day-book, account-book, waste-book.
Daily account, account-current.

Ripe.
Expert, confirmed.
Strong, lasting, permanent, firm.

Science.

Foreign, alien, exotic.
A foreigner, foreign national.

Love, affection, amour, amorous relationship.

Good feeling, auspicious feeling.

Party.

Body.

Accomplished, brought about; realised (an objective, a wish); completed; perfected.
Obtained, acquired.
Demonstrated, proved (a fact, a case); substantiated.
Sound, valid (as usage); mature (as judgment).
Decided, adjudicated (as a law-suit).
Accepted (as), famous (as).
Cooked (food); prepared, concocted (as a dye).
Thoroughly versed (in a field of knowledge; or in magic).
Endowed with supernatural powers; perfected or sanctified (as by penance).
Sacred, holy.
A semi-divine being of great perfection, said to possess eight supernatural faculties or siddhis.
An ascetic of great powers and saintliness.
A magician who has acquired superhuman powers.

To think of, to remember, recollect, call to mind.
To commit to memory.
(Bābā) To remember (by making an effort). It is a function of the higher mind (buddhi).

To shake, to jolt.
To swing.

Knowledge.

News; information.

Light.
(Bābā) Electricity.

Spiritual.

Interrogative adverb: When? At what time ?

The head, the skull, the forehead.
Top or highest part (of anything), summit (of a mountain).

Master, employer, owner, lord (as landlord), proprietor.
Husband.

sab + kō : everything, everyone.

Sea, ocean (huge expanse of water of which we cannot see the end).

An exclamatory word denoting admiration, appreciation, contempt, opposition, surprise, etc. : well done ! bravo ! excellent ! how can that be ! that can't be so.

Fruit (from a tree).
(fig.) Fruit, reward, return, effect, outcome, result, consequence, product.

Busy.

Time, occasion.

Dear, beloved, loved.
Pleasing, lovely.
A dear one, beloved.

Sentiment, feeling, emotion.

Increase, increment, rise, growth, progress, enlargement, augmentation, enhancement, magnification.

Devotion, perseverence, inclination, attachment.
An auspicious moment (for performing a ceremony).

Name.

Help, assistance, aid, support, relief, reinforcement, hands (as labourers, masons, etc.).

Love, affection.
Oil, oily substance.

Interruption, interference, meddling, obstacle, disturbance.

Middle, centre.

Situated, located, placed.
Circumstanced.

Weakness, feebleness ; deficiency ; debility.

Speciality, peculiarity, singularity, quality, attribute, characteristic.

The world, universe.

'not one'. Many, several, various, much, abundant.

Notwithstanding, even then, in spite of that.

Experienced, veteran, seasoned.

To put in, to pour, to drop, to thrust.

To increase, to multiply, to grow, to progress, to advance.

Success, achievement.

With, together, along with.
Company, association.

You (between equals).

Chance.

Meeting, union, contact.

Law.
Method, manner, system.
Direction.
Rule.
A prescribed act or rite or ceremony, prescription, imperative.
Destiny, providence.
The Creator-Lord Brahmā.

Country, land, native home, region, space.

The age of meeting. The fifth age of the cycle allowing the transition from the Iron Age to the Golden Age. The age when human beings can know, meet, remember and learn from God to become deities and go to heaven.

Joyous, delighted, cheerful.

The hand, the wrist, the pulse.
Hand, member (of a work team).
A hand (at cards).
Hand, contribution (in some activity).
Handle, arm (of a chair).

Treasure.
Treasury, repository.

(Hinduism) 'The forest of the demon Madhu,' near the Yamuna river (where Śhatru-ghna, after killing Lavaṇa, son of Madhu, founded the city of Madhurā or Mathurā, the city where Kr̥iṣhṇa was born, where God was incarnated).
(Bābā) Place where the seat of the Brahma Kumaris is located where the Supreme Being has descended on numerous occasions (in the body of Brahmā, then of Dadi Gulzar).

Yād and pyār: remembrance and love, remembrance and affection.

Group.

Whole, entire, complete, perfect.

The three, all three.

The instinctive mind that creates thoughts according to its desires or aversions. Faculty of human beings shared with animals and small children.
Thought in the form of desire or aversion.

Here, hither, in/at this place.

'who has, carries, or supports the service'. Server, servant.

Aspiration, gusto, zeal.

Remembrance, recollection, memory.

Old, ancient.
Worn out, old-fashioned, antiquated, obsolete, out of date.
Experienced, sage, knowing.

Body.

All, the whole, whole, entire, complete, universal.

Towards.

Distant, remote.
Removed (as a difficulty).
(prefix) Distant; tele-.
Far, far off.
Distance, remoteness.

Governor, ruler, minister, functionary, official, officer, (and generally) one invested with power or authority.
Proprietor, owner, master, heir.
Agent, deputy; one who possesses a right, title, or privilege.

(Hinduism) Great cosmological cycle of creation, where the material Universe is created, degrades and is annihilated during the kalpānta.
(Hinduism) Cosmological period of one day (half-day) of Brahmā, duration of a creation of the Universe, worth 1000 great eras [mahāyuga] (approximately 4.32 billion years); each kalpa consists of 14 eras of Manu [manvantara].
(Bābā) Great cosmological cycle of creation, where the material Universe is created in its state of maximum purity, degrades and is then destroyed and recreated (transformation and not annihilation).
(Bābā) cosmological period of one day (paradise for 2500 years) and one night (hell for 2500 years) of Brahmā, duration of a creation of the Universe, worth 5000 years.

There.

Position, situation, state, condition, stage, phase.

Certainly, undoubtedly, positively, without fail.

Joy, delight, happiness.

Towards.

Several, sundry, divers, some, some few.

Visible, perceptible, clear, evident, vivid, real, actual, express, explicit.
Direct, immediate; personal (as acquaintance).
Visible reality, actuality.

Either, or (usually repeated).
चाहे ... चाहे, either ... or; whether ... or.

New, novel, fresh, unused, green, recent, modern, raw, inexperienced, young.

Service.
(Bābā) Selfless use of our mind, body and wealth for the benefit of the world.

Happy, pleased.
Good.

To eat, to feed on, to consume, to swallow, to take.
to get, to receive.
To feel, to suffer, to endure.
Eating, food, meal, dinner.

To be born.

Place, spot, site.

By oneself, on one's own.
Of one's own accord or volition.
Involuntarily, automatically.
By nature, naturally.
Self-.

Prosperous, rich, well-off.
Completed, accomplished.
(suffix) Equipped, provided, endowed with, abundantly endowed with, possessed of (as of wealth, learning).

I. (personal pronoun)

Ahead, in front of, before; in future.

Reason, cause.
Agency, instrument.
For the reason, because (of, -ke), on account (of), for the sake (of), &c.

To fall, to fall down, to drop.
To lie (down).
To occur, to befall.
To be involved; to be hit.
(Following the uninflected infinitive of another verb, paṛnā, like honā, signifies 'have to,' 'must'; e.g. usko jāne paṛā, 'he had to go'; — annexed to the base of some neuter verbs it forms intensives, as gir-paṛnā, 'to fall down'; — annexed to the base of a transitive verb it has generally the sense of honā, as dekh paṛnā, 'to be seen,' 'to become visible').

Change, alteration, variation.
Exchange (of objects, goods); conversion (of funds, currency).
Transformation.

Labour, hard work, toil.
Industry, application.
Exercise.

Otherwise, or else, if not, lest, but for.
No, certainly not.

Birth, origin, genesis.
Life, existence.

Work, task, job, employment, performance, function.

Passion, lust.
Desire.

On all sides, all around, everywhere.

Memory, remembrance.
Books of traditional code of Hindu law.

Big, large, great, huge, important, commodious, expansive.
Noble, reputed.
Elder, elderly, senior.
Grown up.
Rich.
adv. Very, exceedingly.

Where, wherever.

Interrogative adjective and pronoun : which.

Less (also used in comparisons).
Little, few, scanty, short, small, deficient.
Rarely, seldom.

Equal, equivalent, similar, alike, identical, tantamount.

To cause to be done, cause to be made; to actuate, effect, make; to perform (sacrifice, etc.), to assist.

To reach, to arrive.

Child, kid, baby, infant.
Inexperienced, raw, of unripe age.

Got, obtained; procured, acquired.

Each, every.
Each one, everybody.

Sometime, ever.

Cause, reason, factor, purpose, motive.
For the sake of, on account of.
(Bābā) Instrument. He who acts for the Cause of God, in His name.

(Causative of samajhnā) To persuade, explain.

The best, good, excellent, superior.

Action, act, activity.
Work, task, duty, function, role.
Occupation.
Business, matter (in hand), agenda.

(interrogative adjective and adverb of manner) What-like, what sort of, what kind or manner of, in what manner, how, by what means.

(interrogative) How much, how many.
(exclamative) So, so much, so many.

Obtaining, acquisition; attainment (to a goal, a level); fulfilment (of a request).
Gain, advantage; income.
Receipt (of a letter, &c.); reception (of guests).

Why.

(Hinduism) The first of the four castes in traditional Hindu social hierarchy whose main duty, as prescribed, was to study, to teach, to perform yagya and to subsist through alms.
(Brahma Kumaris) The mouth born child of Brahma.

A little, some, meagre, scanty.
Short.

To know, to become aware of, to perceive.

Special, specific, particular, distinctive, characteristic, typical.

A postposition denoting the subject (ergative case that is to say with a past participle).

To, upto, till, until, by.

To put, to place, to keep, to possess, to have, to employ, to appoint.

To meet, to encounter, to be mixed, to be mingled, to unite, to merge, to tally, to conform, to obtain, to get, to acquire, to be acquired, to beget, to embrace, to form an alliance.

Then, at that time, afterwards, thereupon, therefore, hence.

Shape, form.
Appearance.
Character, nature.
(Hinduism) Form assumed by a deity, or by the ultimate being; image, idol.
Of the same nature or character; similar.
(suffix) Having the nature or character (of), by way of, as, amounting to.
(Bābā) Form assumed by the soul; image.

Second.
Other, another.
Next.

As much as, as many, how much, however much.

Today.

To speak, to utter, to pronounce.
To bid.

By, through, through the medium of, through the agency of, by means of, with.

To wish, to want, to like, to love, to be fond of, to crave for, to desire, to require.

Then, again, afterwards, thereafter, in future, a second time.

All ; whole, entire, complete.

Bāp and Dādā.
The Father Śhiv and the elder brother Brahmā,
The father Brahmā and the Grandfather Śhiv.

We.
(rustic form) I.

As much as this, this much; so much, so many.

To turn.
To wander, to ramble, to walk about, to go round.

For, for the sake of.

interrogative pronoun. Who

Emphatic form of yah: this very.

Continue.

Always, perpetually, continually, ever.

That is, that is to say, namely (viz.).

Emphatic particle at the end of the sentence: no?, isn't it?
No.

On this account, for this reason, hence, therefore.

Father.

Many, much.
Very.

Power, strength, potency, energy.
Name of the goddess personifying divine power.
The energy or active power of a deity personified as his wife (as Gaurī of Śhiv, Lakṣhmī of viṣhṇu, &c.)
(Brahma kumaris) Sister, mother.
Śhiv Śhakti, the powers of Śhiv. In Bhakti they are portrayed as goddesses sitting on a lion, swan, lotus etc. They are symbolic of the victory over vices (demons). As power of Śhiv, brothers are Śhiv Śhakti too.

To make, to construct, to compose, to build, to prepare, to make ready, to form.
To pull somebody's leg, to patch up, to develop a good equation with.
To befool.

To can, to be able to.

Rūp, the one who smiles while making the flowers of virtues emerge from his lips. He is the embodiment of Yoga.
Form, shape, appearance, aspect, image, beauty, good looks, mould, type.

Because, since.

Something; anything.
A little, some.
fig. sthg. particular.
Some; any.
A few.
Somewhat, a little, at all.

Some, any, someone, anyone.

If, if so be, in case, in the event of.

To take.

The soul, the spirit, the self.

To go, to depart, to lose, to flow.

Experience.

पर denotes :

  • Location or position on or upon or at something.
  • Point of time at which an action takes place.
  • Sequence of actions of happenings.
  • Cause or reason.
  • Objects of (compound) Verbs signifying mercy, faith, confidence, anger etc.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

To see, to look, to view, to perceive, to observe.
To consider.
To experience.

(Relative pronoun) When.

To give.

You (to a superior, a stranger, his father).
(reflective pronoun) Self, himself, oneself, yourself, themselves...

All, entire, whole, total.
Every.
All people, everybody, the whole.

Opposite, inimical, other, alien, higher.

Good.
Well.
All right, well done.
So long.

A matter, topic, subject, concern, fact, thing.

But, but still, on the other hand, however, notwithstanding, nevertheless, yet.

A suffix denoting an agent, doer, owner, possessor, keeper or inhabitant : the one of, the one with, the one who.

Now.

To understand.

To come.

Say.

To become, be, change, belong (with a possessive pronoun or a noun in the genitive case).

That (to report indirect speech, example he says that).

To remain, to stay.

Such, of this type.

(Hinduism) Sacred syllable symbolising God Almighty.
Sacred syllable symbolising the almighty soul in general. (Hindus confuse the soul and the Supreme Soul)
I am.
Me the soul.

Not manifest, not apparent, imperceptible, indistinct.

Interrogative pronoun What? for an open question.
Interrogative adjective What?, Which? (if followed by a name).
Interrogative pronoun for a closed question (yes/no type).

One, 1, a, single, alone.
The number one.
The One, the Number One. God. There is only one God (Supreme Being) but many gods and goddesses (golden age deities).

Similar to, like, resembling, as, such as.

Peace, calmness, quiet, tranquillity, quietude, silence.

Reflexive possessive pronoun and adjective : my, mine, myself, your, yours, yourself, etc.

3rd person personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun or determiner in a close context : he, she, this (also they, these).

No.
Not.

Relative pronoun (without distinction of gender or number): who, that, which, what. Can be coupled with vah creating an identity relationship between the two terms of two propositions in the sentence.

And.
Else.
Other.

The letter K of our alphabet (used as an initial in acronyms).

Third person personal pronoun: he, she, it (and also they).
Distant demonstrative pronoun and adjective: that (and also those).

Key.

Emphatic particle with a sense of exclusion : only.

Then, therefore, moreover.
An emphatic particle (e.g. मैं तो जाऊँगा).
At any rate, however, at least.

To be.
To happen, to occur.
To exist.
To be born.

का denotes one of the under-mentioned relations between a Noun or a Pronoun and another Noun which follows the former. If the Noun that follows is Feminine (singular or plural), का changes to की; if it is Masculine and Plural, or has an oblique form, का changes to के.

  • Possession and relationship.
  • Material or composition.
  • Worth and measure (space or time).
  • Source, origin, cause.
  • Subject (doer of an act).
  • Object (of an activity).
  • Part of a whole.
  • Purpose.
  • Characteristic.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

To do.
Also used after a transitive English verb to conjugate.

में is used for denoting :

  • Location or presence (of something) in or within something.
  • Duration.
  • Price.
  • Comparison with reference to more than two, or difference.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

को is used for denoting:

  • A Person who 'does' something involuntarily (such as—like, dislike, remember, be injured, be offended, suffer, feel, enjoy, receive, happen, to have, to meet, to know, to see or to hear, or to do something under compulsion, requirement, necessity, obligation, etc.).
  • An Animate Object, provided it denotes a particular being.
  • The object of a Verb in the Neutral Construction.
  • Every Secondary Object (which is usually animate).
  • The Object of a Verb requiring a predicative word (referring to the object).
  • Nouns denoting time when used adverbially.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

से is used for denoting :

  • The Subject of a Verb in the passive and impersonal voices.
  • The indirect Objects (which are usually persons) of the Verbs meaning 'to tell, say, ask, ask for, beg, demand, claim, request’.
  • Means, instrument or agency.
  • Manner.
  • Cause, reason, origin.
  • Association, antagonism.
  • Separation or keeping away from.
  • Starting point (place or time).
  • Duration (with reference to a continuous 'action' of present or past).
  • Difference and comparison between two persons or things.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

Inclusive emphatic particle: too, also, even.