बुधवार 31 मई 1972 की अव्यक्त मुरली

Eight, 8.

City or town without trouble, without sorrow or anxiety.

(One) who has arms.

Poor, indigent, miserable, wretched, penniless.

Matter, substance.
Material, things, stuff.
Data, information.
(Hinduism) the necessary items for homa (or yagya), the fire-sacrifice ritual.

Sad, dejected, gloomy.

Grief, woe.
Tolerance.

The field of karma, the field of actions: the world here below where we can perform actions and experience their good or bad fruits (happiness or unhappiness).
(Mahābhārat) The battlefield where the Kauravs and the Pāṇḍavs fought.
(Bābā) The battlefield of the mind where the soul triumphs over vices.

Emperor, king, monarch, sovereign.

A warrior, fighter, combatant.

Beggar, one who lives on alms.

The goddess, incarnation of God’s might.
Soul receiving God’s power through yoga.

Backbone.

An assault.
A stroke, blow.
A day of the week.
The nearer side.
(suffix) it means 'wise' on the basis of, and also वाला.

War.

To be confused.

Theft, burglary, pilferage.

Adored, favoured, favourite.

Falsehood, lie, untruth.
False, untrue, incorrect.

To lose, to squander.

Without strength, powerless, impotent, weak, feeble, frail, fragile.

To free.

Complication; entanglement; perplexity.

Frightful, fearful, alarming, terrible, awful, dreadful, formidable, horrible, dangerous.
Dismal, solitary, lonesome, desolate.

A weapon, especially for striking or cutting with; arms.
Any cutting implement.

The hand, the wrist, the pulse.
Hand, member (of a work team).
A hand (at cards).
Hand, contribution (in some activity).
Handle, arm (of a chair).

The divine (śrī) doctrine containing the directions or opinions of God : the murlī.

Bothered, worried, troubled, harassed.

Enemy, foe.

To cause to stray or wander, to lead astray, to mislead, to bewilder, to baulk, to deceive.

War, warfare, battle, fight, fighting, combat, hostilities.

Embellishment, ornament.
Figure of speech.

Wave, ripple, undulation.
A wavy pattern.
Surge, caprice, whim, impulse.

Or.
That is.

Protection, shelter, patronage.

Petty, minor, insignificant, ordinary.

(prob. corr. from A. taurāt = Old Testament, Pentateuch (first five books of the Bible), or Torah for Jews), Custom, law, rule, authority, order, institute, regulation, enactment.

Detached.
A recluse, one who is not attached to worldly affairs.

To be confused, confounded, flurried, or flustered.
To be perplexed, bewildered, or embarrassed.
To be perturbed, disturbed in mind, agitated, disquieted, distracted.
To be alarmed, scared, dismayed.
To confound, embarrass, perplex, &c.
To disturb, agitate.
To alarm, scare, dismay.

A blemish, vice, ill-habit or ill-quality contracted through keeping company with.
(Bābā) Influence of bad company.

(suffix) Having the form of, of the shape of, similar to.

Alert.

Deep, intimate, sound, strong, dark, viscous, heavy, profound, grave, weighty, harsh.

Time, occasion, turn.
Position, office, rank, order.

A god, deity, divine being. (does not apply to God)

Single, lonely, lonesome, solitary.

To be drowned, to sink.
To plunge, to be immersed, to be submerged.
To set (as the sun).
To be sullied or disgraced.

Kingship, royalty, rank or function of a king, sovereignty, princedom, kingly dignity or authority, supremacy, government, sway, rule, reign.

Who possesses all powers, omnipotent, all-powerful, almighty.

To call.
To cry out.
To call for help.
To exclaim, to proclaim.

Confronting, encountering, meeting face to face.
Opposition, resistance.
Competition, rivalry.
Match, comparison.
Front, front part, frontage (of a house).

Religious devotion, adoration, loving faith, piety, devoted service.
(Bābā) Bhakti, the system of worship based on faith in God, devotion and love for Him, devoid however of the true knowledge (gyan) about Him.

To feed.

To blossom, to bloom.

Device.
Means.
Tactics, artifice, manoeuvre.
Skill.
Argument, plea.

(Hinduism) One of the five 'organs of action' : the hand, foot, larynx, and organs of generation and excretion.
(Bābā) One of the 10 faculties or organs of interaction: 5 for the sensory faculties and 5 for the action faculties. The use of these 10 faculties creates karma. Hence the name karmēndriy “faculty or organ of karma”.

Prohibited or unlawful act, misdeed, fraud.
(Bābā) Bad karma, bad action.

A witness, deponent.
Evidence, testimony.
(Bābā) A spectator, an observer.

Condition or state of spectator, observer, witness.

Creation.
The world.

Interrogative adverb: When? At what time ?

Botheration, worry, trouble, harassment.

Forgetting, forgetfulness, loss of memory, obliviousness.

Sea, ocean (huge expanse of water of which we cannot see the end).

Weak, feeble, ineffectual.

To become a divinity.

Deception, deceit, fraud, cheating, guile, subterfuge. A scarecrow.

Beneficial, favorable, auspicious, salutary.
Well-being, prosperity, happiness.
(Hinduism) Confused with Śhaṅkar. Name of the third god of the Hindū triad, the Deity in the character of producer or destroyer (Śhiv's most distinctive function is to preside over the dissolution of the world at the end of each aeon in order that it may be created anew), or Time personified.
(Hinduism) The phallic or pillar emblem of Śhiv.
(Bābā) The name of the Supreme Being The Auspicious, the Good, the Well-being, etc. who does his work of Creation, Sustainment and Destruction of the World through the trimūrti Brahmā, Viṣhṇu and Śhaṅkar three subtle deities created by God in the subtle world.
(Bābā) The Seed of the Human World Tree.
(Bābā) The Point. He is the Supreme Soul and therefore has the shape of a point like any soul. As He is incorporeal, it was represented with the shape of a pillar or, more anciently, an egg. The degradation of devotion has led Hindus to see it as a phallic representation symbolizing the Creator role of God and others to transgress the rules of Hindu conduct (left path tantra) where sexuality is permitted and revered as a divine activity.

Company, association, contact.

Power, control, subjugation.
(suffix) Because of, out of ; obliged by, compelled by.

To break, to be broken, to be fractured, to be shattered.
To have twitching pain.
To be on the wane.
To be dissolved.
To fail.

To break, to violate, to fracture, to pluck, to disband, to twist, to demolish, to snap.
To change (into coins or currency notes of smaller denomination).
To reduce.
To win over, to cause to defect.

To confront, to face, to encounter, to oppose, to be insolent.

Point, dot.
Zero.
Spot.
(in Indian dramaturgy) a point in drama where a minor episode begins to take shape.
A drop.
Bull's eye (in shooting).

River.

Magnificence, splendour, grandeur.

Uncleanness, impurity; unholiness.

A saying, proverb.

Ever-ready.

To leave.
To abandon.
To release.

Condition, state, age, stage, phase.

To be entrapped, to be ensnared, to be baited, to be caught in a trick.
To be emboroiled, to be implicated, to be involved.

Method, manner, mode.
Custom, way, practice, vogue.
Tradition.
Style.

The Illusion of the world which makes us believe false things and distances us from the Truth taught by God. The world, nature, the universe is not in itself an illusion. It is an eternal reality as is the soul and the Supreme Soul.

Holding, bearing, carrying, keeping, wearing.
Upholding, maintaining, sustaining, preserving.
Possessing, having, assuming.
Knowing, acquiring.
Undertaking.

Inculcation of the knowledge and virtues of the Supreme in our practical life.

Interruption, interference, meddling, obstacle, disturbance.

Seed, kernel. Source, origin, primary cause.

Dependent.
Subordinate, subject to the authority of.
Under.

With, together, along with.
Company, association.

To be effaced, to be erased.
To be ruined, to be undone, to be destructed.

Mobile.
caltē-phirtē, By moving, by strolling, by walking.

On, upon.
Above.

Support, backing, aid, succour. A strut.

Office, status, rank.
A versified composition (esp. eulogizing God or His sport).
Foot (of a measure or verse).
Footstep, step.
Expression, term, word in its particular context.
Articles (like an umbrella, shoes, clothes, utensils) given away for the gratification of the soul of a deceased.
(Bābā) Position obtained in the Golden Age (king, queen, subject, servant, etc.) through current efforts (of the Age of Encounter).

The path of Bhakti, the path of devotion (one of the three paths prescribed for the achievement of human salvation; the other two being gyān and yōg).
(Bābā) All paths aspiring to liberation other than that the path God teaches. (which therefore fail in the liberation of the soul).

Deformation, defilement.
Change or variation (for the worse).
Deviation from a natural state, perversion, disorder.
(Bābā) Vice (Sex lust, Anger, Greed, Attachment and Ego).

Gold, an excellent thing.

Pertaining to deity, divine, godlike.
(Bābā) Of Īśvar, of God.

The head, the skull, the forehead.
Top or highest part (of anything), summit (of a mountain).

Ended, completed, concluded.

To forget.

To lose one's way, to go astray.
To gad, to meander, to wander about.

Tree, shrub.

Opinion, view. Doctrine (which contains the author's opinions).

Companion, comrade, associate, attendant, follower; ally, accomplice, supporter.

Devotion, perseverence, inclination, attachment.
An auspicious moment (for performing a ceremony).

A devotee.

Entirely, completely, totally, wholly, universally, altogether.

Gentle, noble, good.
Well-being; good.

Sharp, keen, acute, penetrating, piercing, hot, pungent, strong, acrid, caustic, corrosive.
Fiery, passionate, impetuous, violent.
Swift, fleet.
Quick, apt, intelligent, keen-witted.
High-priced, dear.

Road, way, path, street, lane.
Way, manner.

Cycle of births or states, transmigration.
The world, the universe.
Life in this world, worldly concerns, illusion as to worldly reality.
(Bābā) The corporeal world in which one reincarnates.

(The act or process of) organization (or an organised body or system or society); union, unity; consolidation.
(Bābā) Group, coming together, gathering.

One having a great chariot.
A great warrior.
Prestigious person.
(Bābā) One who studies well and teaches others.

To raise.
To get up.
To be rented out.
To pass away, to expire.

Picture, painting, illustration, figure, photo.

Forgetfulness, oversight, neglect, negligence, omission, failure, miss, slip, mistake, error, blunder, fault.

Essence, substance, best or essential part, heart, core, marrow.
Sap.
Gist, sense; content.
Essential worth or value.

Difficult, hard, intricate.
Difficulty, hardship.

To lose, to waste, to squander.

To pass, elapse, expire (as time).
To come to pass, take place, occur, happen, befall, arrive.
To undergo, suffer, endure.

Stage.
(Bābā) State, condition.

Time, occasion.

Fortunate, prosperous, happy, glorious, illustrious, adorable, divine, worshipful.
(epithet) God, the Lord Almighty, the Supreme Being (Śhiv and not Viṣhṇu).
(Hinduism) (epithet) The god Nārāyaṇ.

Bank, shore, edge, border, verge.

As long as.
(with negation) until.

King, monarch, prince.

By oneself, on one's own.
Of one's own accord or volition.
Involuntarily, automatically.
By nature, naturally.
Self-.

To sing, to chant.
A song.

Situated, located, placed.
Circumstanced.

Out, outside, exterior, beyond, away.
A foreign land.

Knowledge.

Kingdom, rule, reign, polity, the state.

Circumstance(s).
(Bābā) External situation, external condition.

Notwithstanding, even then, in spite of that.

Joy, delight, happiness.

Future; what has yet to be, what will be, the future.

In.

Action (with its fruit, and implications of merit); an act, deed.
(moral) duty or obligation.
A religious observance, action or rite (as sacrifice, ablution, funeral obsequies).
Fate (as the consequence of previous acts); fortune, lot.
Result, effect.

To be contained, to enter, to fit, to permeate.

Powerful.

In front of, ahead of, before.

Master.

Help, assistance, aid, support, relief, reinforcement, hands (as labourers, masons, etc.).

To sleep.

Sorrow, unhappiness, suffering, grief, distress.

To pain, to ache, to smart, to throb.
To feel pity or compassion (for).
To feel compunction or remorse.

Hurry, haste.
Quickly, urgently, immediately.

Intoxication, drunkenness.

Weakness, feebleness ; deficiency ; debility.

Even so, even then, in spite of this/that, nevertheless, nonetheless, still. (often used with bhal 'even though')

At this time, now.

Understanding, mental grasp, intelligence, sense, judgment.
Mind; opinion, view.

Limitless, unlimited, unbounded.
Excessive, too, too much.

Distinct, clear, apparent, evident, obvious, manifest, intelligible, easy, plain.

Idol, statue, image.

Anyone, someone, any.

Different, separate, apart, distinct.

To put in, to pour, to drop, to thrust.

Then, at that time, afterwards, thereupon, therefore, hence.

Formal, having a form.
Concrete, real, visible.
Incarnate.
(Bābā) Corporeal, which has a physical, material form.

Someone else, anyone else.

Why.

You (between equals).

Conquering, victorious, triumphant.
A conqueror.

The intelligent mind that thinks, observes its thoughts, sets a goal, imbibes knowledge or beliefs and judges what is right or not, what conforms to its purpose or not. This mind grows until an adult age.

Otherwise, or else, if not, lest, but for.
No, certainly not.

On, upon, above, upward, over.

'not so', Do not believe.

Part.

World.
The present world, the present life or state of existence.
The people of this world, people.
Worldly enjoyments or blessings, worldly goods, the good things of this life, wealth, riches.

Or.

Whole, entire, complete, perfect.

Meaning.
Import, sense.
Wealth, money.
For, for the sake of.

Earth.

Reason, cause.
Agency, instrument.
For the reason, because (of, -ke), on account (of), for the sake (of), &c.

Connection, relationship.

(emphatic form of vah) That very, that very one.

Power, strength, potency, energy.
Name of the goddess personifying divine power.
The energy or active power of a deity personified as his wife (as Gaurī of Śhiv, Lakṣhmī of viṣhṇu, &c.)
(Brahma kumaris) Sister, mother.
Śhiv Śhakti, the powers of Śhiv. In Bhakti they are portrayed as goddesses sitting on a lion, swan, lotus etc. They are symbolic of the victory over vices (demons). As power of Śhiv, brothers are Śhiv Śhakti too.

Position, situation, state, condition, stage, phase.

Old, ancient.
Worn out, old-fashioned, antiquated, obsolete, out of date.
Experienced, sage, knowing.

Body.

Result.

Interrogative pronominal adverb : Where ?

Useless, fruitless, futile, ineffective, unprofitable.

For, with a view to, for the sake of, on account of.
Taking, carrying, bearing.

(Hinduism) Great cosmological cycle of creation, where the material Universe is created, degrades and is annihilated during the kalpānta.
(Hinduism) Cosmological period of one day (half-day) of Brahmā, duration of a creation of the Universe, worth 1000 great eras [mahāyuga] (approximately 4.32 billion years); each kalpa consists of 14 eras of Manu [manvantara].
(Bābā) Great cosmological cycle of creation, where the material Universe is created in its state of maximum purity, degrades and is then destroyed and recreated (transformation and not annihilation).
(Bābā) cosmological period of one day (paradise for 2500 years) and one night (hell for 2500 years) of Brahmā, duration of a creation of the Universe, worth 5000 years.

(Causative of samajhnā) To persuade, explain.

Courage, boldness.

To fill, to refill.

Word, term, sound.

Memory, remembrance.
Books of traditional code of Hindu law.

All, the whole, whole, entire, complete, universal.

Obtaining, acquisition; attainment (to a goal, a level); fulfilment (of a request).
Gain, advantage; income.
Receipt (of a letter, &c.); reception (of guests).

A man.
People, public.
Placed after the pronoun ham (we), tum (you or you) or āp (you) grammatically plural to remove ambiguity on the number of people (at least 2 people)

Two, 2.

A memento, keepsake, token.
Mark, mark of identification, sign, trace.

Granting a favor or a wish, blessing.
(Hindu mythology) A blessing, typically a supernatural power, granted to an ascetic by a god or goddess.

To think, to reflect, to ponder over, to consider.

Easy, simple.
Spontaneous, straightforward, ingenuous.
Innate, natural, congenital.

Place, spot, site.

Then, again, afterwards, thereafter, in future, a second time.

Work, task, job, employment, performance, function.

Passion, lust.
Desire.

If, if so be, in case, in the event of.

Sometime, ever.

To turn.
To wander, to ramble, to walk about, to go round.

To can, to be able to.

(interrogative adjective and adverb of manner) What-like, what sort of, what kind or manner of, in what manner, how, by what means.

Interrogative adjective and pronoun : which.

Experience.

To show oneself (or itself, &c.), to come in sight, to appear, to be visible or apparent, to be seen.

Side, direction.
Towards.

First, first of all, in the beginning, in olden times, originally, before, beforehand.

Father.

To sit, to squat, to occupy a seat, to settle, to board, to mount.

To reach, to arrive.

Shape, form.
Appearance.
Character, nature.
(Hinduism) Form assumed by a deity, or by the ultimate being; image, idol.
Of the same nature or character; similar.
(suffix) Having the nature or character (of), by way of, as, amounting to.
(Bābā) Form assumed by the soul; image.

We.
(rustic form) I.

Got, obtained; procured, acquired.

To come out, to get out, to emerge, to rise, to ooze out, to proceed, to emanate, to appear, to be extracted, to be deduced, to be solved, to issue or be issued, to be published, to slink away.

Human effort or exertion; valour; industry.
An object of human pursuit.
(Hinduism) The four basic aims of human existence (viz. dharm discharge of duty; arth acquirement of wealth; kām gratification of desire; mokṣha final emancipation).
(Bābā) The effort made by the soul to attain perfection.
(Bābā) Spiritual effort. The effort made for the sake (arth) of development of the soul (puruṣh). This effort includes the steps we take for attaining the perfect state of our original and eternal self.

Action, act, activity.
Work, task, duty, function, role.
Occupation.
Business, matter (in hand), agenda.

Emphatic form of yah: this very.

Here, hither, in/at this place.

Second.
Other, another.
Next.

With, along with, in the company of, in company with, in connection with.
We will replace kē with a possessive pronoun mērē (mine), tērē (yours), etc. to say "with me", "with you".

To fall, to fall down, to drop.
To lie (down).
To occur, to befall.
To be involved; to be hit.
(Following the uninflected infinitive of another verb, paṛnā, like honā, signifies 'have to,' 'must'; e.g. usko jāne paṛā, 'he had to go'; — annexed to the base of some neuter verbs it forms intensives, as gir-paṛnā, 'to fall down'; — annexed to the base of a transitive verb it has generally the sense of honā, as dekh paṛnā, 'to be seen,' 'to become visible').

To hear, to listen, to pay heed.
Hearing, audition.

Continue.

To engage, to employ.
To attach, to join, to connect.
To plant.
To apply.
To affix.
To make someone hang around.
To levy.
To touch.
To invest.
To paste, to stick.
To set, to fix.
To shut, to close.
To keep.
To backbite.
To inflame.
To add.

(Relative pronoun) When.

(interrogative) How much, how many.
(exclamative) So, so much, so many.

That is, that is to say, namely (viz.).

To put, to place, to keep, to possess, to have, to employ, to appoint.

Not (subjunctive or imperative).
Na .. na, Neither .. nor.
Repetitive Compounds of indefinite Pronouns, and of Adverbs formed from them are made by placing the Negative particle between the two words. These Compounds have a pronounced indefinite force. (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi - Appendice III 5-j)

To speak, to utter, to pronounce.
To bid.

Big, large, great, huge, important, commodious, expansive.
Noble, reputed.
Elder, elderly, senior.
Grown up.
Rich.
adv. Very, exceedingly.

Remembrance, recollection, memory.

interrogative pronoun. Who

As much as this, this much; so much, so many.

Always, perpetually, continually, ever.

Something; anything.
A little, some.
fig. sthg. particular.
Some; any.
A few.
Somewhat, a little, at all.

Rūp, the one who smiles while making the flowers of virtues emerge from his lips. He is the embodiment of Yoga.
Form, shape, appearance, aspect, image, beauty, good looks, mould, type.

For, for the sake of.

To (treat as one's) own.
To adopt.
To appropriate.

Emphatic particle at the end of the sentence: no?, isn't it?
No.

On this account, for this reason, hence, therefore.

Say.

Some, any, someone, anyone.

To know, to become aware of, to perceive.

Today.

Time.
Period.
Times, timings.
Occasion.
Leisure.
A convention.

To meet, to encounter, to be mixed, to be mingled, to unite, to merge, to tally, to conform, to obtain, to get, to acquire, to be acquired, to beget, to embrace, to form an alliance.

Child, kid, baby, infant.
Inexperienced, raw, of unripe age.

To take.

To understand.

Because, since.

All ; whole, entire, complete.

A matter, topic, subject, concern, fact, thing.

Determination, resolve, resolution, will.
Mind, thought, idea.
(Bābā) Thought, idea.
(Bābā) Right idea, pure thought (śuddha khyāl)

पर denotes :

• Location or position on or upon or at something.
• Point of time at which an action takes place.
• Sequence of actions of happenings.
• Cause or reason.
• Objects of (compound) Verbs signifying mercy, faith, confidence, anger etc.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

The soul, the spirit, the self.

Father.

Many, much.
Very.

Opposite, inimical, other, alien, higher.

To go, to depart, to lose, to flow.

You (to a superior, a stranger, his father).
(reflective pronoun) Self, himself, oneself, yourself, themselves...

To give.

One, 1, a, single, alone.
The number one.
The One, the Number One. God. There is only one God (Supreme Being) but many gods and goddesses (golden age deities).

Similar to, like, resembling, as, such as.

To see, to look, to view, to perceive, to observe.
To consider.
To experience.

But, but still, on the other hand, however, notwithstanding, nevertheless, yet.

Interrogative pronoun What? for an open question.
Interrogative adjective What?, Which? (if followed by a name).
Interrogative pronoun for a closed question (yes/no type).

A suffix denoting an agent, doer, owner, possessor, keeper or inhabitant : the one of, the one with, the one who.

Good.
Well.
All right, well done.
So long.

Now.

To come.

To make, to construct, to compose, to build, to prepare, to make ready, to form.
To pull somebody's leg, to patch up, to develop a good equation with.
To befool.

Reflexive possessive pronoun and adjective : my, mine, myself, your, yours, yourself, etc.

All, entire, whole, total.
Every.
All people, everybody, the whole.

That (to report indirect speech, example he says that).

To become, be, change, belong (with a possessive pronoun or a noun in the genitive case).

Such, of this type.

(Hinduism) Sacred syllable symbolising God Almighty.
Sacred syllable symbolising the almighty soul in general. (Hindus confuse the soul and the Supreme Soul)
I am.
Me the soul.

Not manifest, not apparent, imperceptible, indistinct.

To remain, to stay.

Peace, calmness, quiet, tranquillity, quietude, silence.

No.
Not.

3rd person personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun or determiner in a close context : he, she, this (also they, these).

Relative pronoun (without distinction of gender or number): who, that, which, what. Can be coupled with vah creating an identity relationship between the two terms of two propositions in the sentence.

And.
Else.
Other.

Third person personal pronoun: he, she, it (and also they).
Distant demonstrative pronoun and adjective: that (and also those).

Then, therefore, moreover.
An emphatic particle (e.g. मैं तो जाऊँगा).
At any rate, however, at least.

Key.

The letter K of our alphabet (used as an initial in acronyms).

Emphatic particle with a sense of exclusion : only.

To be.
To happen, to occur.
To exist.
To be born.

का denotes one of the under-mentioned relations between a Noun or a Pronoun and another Noun which follows the former. If the Noun that follows is Feminine (singular or plural), का changes to की; if it is Masculine and Plural, or has an oblique form, का changes to के.

• Possession and relationship.
• Material or composition.
• Worth and measure (space or time).
• Source, origin, cause.
• Subject (doer of an act).
• Object (of an activity).
• Part of a whole.
• Purpose.
• Characteristic.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

To do.
Also used after a transitive English verb to conjugate.

में is used for denoting :

• Location or presence (of something) in or within something.
• Duration.
• Price.
• Comparison with reference to more than two, or difference.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

Inclusive emphatic particle: too, also, even.

को is used for denoting:

• A Person who 'does' something involuntarily (such as—like, dislike, remember, be injured, be offended, suffer, feel, enjoy, receive, happen, to have, to meet, to know, to see or to hear, or to do something under compulsion, requirement, necessity, obligation, etc.).
• An Animate Object, provided it denotes a particular being.
• The object of a Verb in the Neutral Construction.
• Every Secondary Object (which is usually animate).
• The Object of a Verb requiring a predicative word (referring to the object).
• Nouns denoting time when used adverbially.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

से is used for denoting :

• The Subject of a Verb in the passive and impersonal voices.
• The indirect Objects (which are usually persons) of the Verbs meaning 'to tell, say, ask, ask for, beg, demand, claim, request’.
• Means, instrument or agency.
• Manner.
• Cause, reason, origin.
• Association, antagonism.
• Separation or keeping away from.
• Starting point (place or time).
• Duration (with reference to a continuous 'action' of present or past).
• Difference and comparison between two persons or things.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)