बुधवार 1 अक्टूबर 1975 की अव्यक्त मुरली - 2

Alive, living, active.

Complaint.

God the Friend.

A man, human being.

The one with a heart.
Spirited, courageous, bold.
Large-hearted, generous, liberal.

Of or belonging to evil spirits (asur), devilish, diabolical, demoniacal.

To swing, to oscillate, to dangle.

Fainted, swooned, unconscious.

Awake, wakeful, wary.

Complete.
(Bābā) Completely.

Food, victuals, dish of food, meal.

A benefactor.

'taking and giving'. Transaction, exchange, dealings.

A witness, deponent.
Evidence, testimony.
(Bābā) A spectator, an observer.

Food. diet, victuals.

Bothered, worried, troubled, harassed.

Attachment, love, affection.

A swing.
A cradle.

Fixed or permanent place or abode.
Proper place.
Precise or exact spot, whereabouts.
Place, spot, site.
Dwelling place, abode, residence, home, quarters.
Destination.

The tongue (properly as the organ of taste).
Taste.

(Bābā) The highest level of impurity, degradation: stage of iron age.

Magnificence, splendour, grandeur.

Afraid, frightened, terrified, horrified, fear-stricken.

Condition or state of brāhmaṇ, life of brāhmaṇ.

Hospitality, welcome.

Crown.

Sapless, juiceless, dry.
Flat, stodgy.
Insipid.
Prosaic.
Uninteresting.

Happiness, pleasure, comfort, felicity, contentment.

An ornamental or religious mark over the forehead (signifying installation on the throne or engagement etc.).
A vermilion or sandal mark over the forehead.
The most eminent member (of a class, clan, dynasty, etc.).
Commentary of a text.
(Bābā) A red colour mark in the centre of the forehead; a symbol of victory, of sovereignty; a symbol of soul. When we realize ourselves to be souls, points of light, conscious energy in the centre of the forehead, we are self sovereigns, we are victorious over maya, we wear a real tilak.

Original form or state.
Nature, character, temperament.
Nature, the natural world.
(philosophy) A force or principle evolving the material world.

To swing, to rock.
To keep in suspense, to keep in uncertainty.

Holding or taking weapons, armed.
An armed person.

Unsteady, transient, inconstant, fickle, flickering, quivering, shaking, fidgety, restless, skittish, playful, coquettish, nimble.

The sacred swan symbol of the holy and pure soul.

The wife of a gop or cow-herd.
A cowherdess (esp. applied to the cowherdesses of Vrindā-van, the companions of Krishṇa's juvenile sports).
A milk-maid, dairy-maid.

Habit.

Laughter, joke, derision, ridicule.

Buddhi Yoga. The remembrance of the mind. The yoga of the intellect Baba says that the yoga is the remembrance of the Supreme, and to remember is a task of the intellect.

Conqueror of nature, conqueror of matter.

President.

Machine, instrument, amulet, talisman, mystical diagram.

Svabhāv and sanskār, nature and character traits.

Device.
Means.
Tactics, artifice, manoeuvre.
Skill.
Argument, plea.

'Making one's own,' taking on one's self, assent, agreement, consent, acquiescence, acknowledgment, acceptance.

Impure.
Corrupt (as language or style).
Erroneous, inaccurate, incorrect, wrong.

Absorbed, engrossed, engaged, busy, immersed, drowned.
Glad, happy, delighted.

Condition or state of spectator, observer, witness.

King, monarch, prince.

Real.

Straight, direct.
Simple, straightforward, honest.
Unaffected, unfeigned.
Not difficult, simple, easy.

Botheration, worry, trouble, harassment.

A weapon, especially for striking or cutting with; arms.
Any cutting implement.

To cause to speak, to cause to say, to cause to tell; to call.
To be called, or named, or designated, to go by the name of; to be said to be.

Real state or nature; essence.
(Hinduism) The supreme spirit.
One of the five traditionally distinguished elementary substances (ether, air, fire, water, earth).
(chemistry) An element.
A basic principle; an axiom.
An element, aspect or factor (in a system).
(Vedanta philosophy) The real nature of the human soul (as identical with the all-pervading supreme spirit (false concept)).

Name of a son of Rāmcandra and Sītā.

Love.

By oneself, on one's own.

Way.

Foot, leg.

Maid (female servant).

Night and day.
Continually.

To carry on.
To pull on, to accommodate.
To fulfil.
To accomplish.
To perform.
To maintain.

Busy.

Condition, state, age, stage, phase.

Free.

Or.
That is.

Concentrated on the same point, intent, resolute.

Breath, respiration.

Nature, property, properties (of a thing).
Nature, temperament, disposition, character (of a person).
Habit, way; custom, practice.

Capability, competence.

To save, to defend, to protect.
To retain (unused or unspent).
To (cause to) avoid, to (to cause to) keep away or aloof.
To cause to escape.
To spare.

Whatever, whatsoever, anything.

Inspiration, urge, drive, motive, induction.

To fall.

To learn.

Practice, exercise, habituation, frequent repetition of a thing in order to fix it on the memory.

At this time, now.

To be effaced, to be erased.
To be ruined, to be undone, to be destructed.

Character.

Teacher, instructor.

Gold, an excellent thing.

Check.

Closed, shut, locked, locked up.
Stopped, discontinued.

Liberation, freedom; deliverance.
Final deliverance, salvation.

(suffix) Having the form of, of the shape of, similar to.

Except, but, with the exception (of).

Perfecting, finishing; refining; adorning.
An inborn power or faculty; instinct.
Influence, impress (of nurture).
A concept, idea.
(Hinduism) Any of various essential sanctifying or purificatory rites (as the first taking of solid food, investiture with the sacred thread, marriage and funeral rites).
(Bābā) Impression or imprint of the state of mind. There are the innate saṅskār, inherent to the soul and the acquired saṅskār. When the soul does an action, an acquired saṅskār is formed. This saṅskār then incites us to the same action (with the same state of mind) in similar circumstances for example. Character traits are saṅskār. These saṅskār are part of the soul and not the body as many believe. They therefore accumulate over several lives.

To go up, to ascend, to climb, to rise, to increase.

To lose one's way, to go astray.
To gad, to meander, to wander about.

Earnings.

Conquering, victorious, triumphant.
A conqueror.

Spiritual.
Pertaining to self: the soul.

Pure, sacred.
Unadulterated, uncorrupt.
Correct, rectified, amended.
Clean.

Deception, deceit, fraud, cheating, guile, subterfuge. A scarecrow.

Mentality.
Trend, tendency.
inclination, disposition.
Instinct.
Activity.
(Bābā) Household.

Power, control, subjugation.
(suffix) Because of, out of ; obliged by, compelled by.

Beneficial, favorable, auspicious, salutary.
Well-being, prosperity, happiness.
(Hinduism) Confused with Śhaṅkar. Name of the third god of the Hindū triad, the Deity in the character of producer or destroyer (Śhiv's most distinctive function is to preside over the dissolution of the world at the end of each aeon in order that it may be created anew), or Time personified.
(Hinduism) The phallic or pillar emblem of Śhiv.
(Bābā) The name of the Supreme Being The Auspicious, the Good, the Well-being, etc. who does his work of Creation, Sustainment and Destruction of the World through the trimūrti Brahmā, Viṣhṇu and Śhaṅkar three subtle deities created by God in the subtle world.
(Bābā) The Seed of the Human World Tree.
(Bābā) The Point. He is the Supreme Soul and therefore has the shape of a point like any soul. As He is incorporeal, it was represented with the shape of a pillar or, more anciently, an egg. The degradation of devotion has led Hindus to see it as a phallic representation symbolizing the Creator role of God and others to transgress the rules of Hindu conduct (left path tantra) where sexuality is permitted and revered as a divine activity.

Similar, identical, equal to the Father.

The intelligent mind that thinks, observes its thoughts, sets a goal, imbibes knowledge or beliefs and judges what is right or not, what conforms to its purpose or not. This mind grows until an adult age.

Only, merely, barely.
Mere, bare, sheer.

Incorporeal.
An epithet of God.
(Hinduism) without form, permeating everything (which makes God omnipresent).
(Bābā) Incorporeal, without physical or subtle body. God is incorporeal but has a form, the form of a point. Likewise the souls in the incorporeal world are incorporeal and have the form of a point.

A memento, keepsake, token.
Mark, mark of identification, sign, trace.

Behaviour, conduct, mode of life.
Natural tendency, instinct.
Business, employment, profession.
Means of subsistence, allowance, pension.
Commentary (on a text).
Usage (of a term or expression).
(Bābā) Attitude, thought pattern, tendencies, inclinations, instincts.

Situated, located, placed.
Circumstanced.

Forgetfulness, oversight, neglect, negligence, omission, failure, miss, slip, mistake, error, blunder, fault.

Pity, mercy, compassion.

Essence, substance, best or essential part, heart, core, marrow.
Sap.
Gist, sense; content.
Essential worth or value.

Atmosphere.

Strong, intense, sharp, keen, harsh, swift.
Pungent.
Sharp (a musical note).
Ardent, impetuous.
Excessive.
(Bābā) Fast, intense.

To put in, to pour, to drop, to thrust.

To earn, to acquire, to get.
To accumulate, to save.

To take care of.
To support.
To hold.
To keep in careful custody.
To manage.
To supervise.

And.
So.

(Hinduism) Om! Peace! Peace! Peace! (Shanti Mantra or hindu prayer for peace in the Upanishads)
Me the soul ! Peace !
I am Peace !
Hello, good morning, good afternoon, good evening (greeting between bk)

Article, thing, object, substance, material, content.
Action or plot of a drama.

As long as.
(with negation) until.

Creation.
The world.

Free, liberated, delivered.
In particular freed from the bonds of attachment to the world.

In.

Joyous, delighted, cheerful.

Connection, relationship.

The mouth, beak, snout, muzzle.
Face, countenance.
Front, fore-part.
Opening, aperture, entrance, exit.
Commencement.

Sweet, pleasant.
Sweetmeat, jaggery.

Responsibility, obligation.

Light.
(Bābā) Electricity.

Companion, comrade, associate, attendant, follower; ally, accomplice, supporter.

Flute, pipe.
(Bābā) The words of God, the instrument to enchant us, to make us dance in happiness in the company of the Supreme Being, the Beloved Being.

Body.

Old, ancient.
Worn out, old-fashioned, antiquated, obsolete, out of date.
Experienced, sage, knowing.

Diligent, industrious.
Valorous, heroic.
Who makes a personal effort, who has a goal.

Conquest, victory, triumph.

Address, whereabouts, information, knowledge.

Devotion, perseverence, inclination, attachment.
An auspicious moment (for performing a ceremony).

Useless, fruitless, futile, ineffective, unprofitable.

Who possesses all powers, omnipotent, all-powerful, almighty.

True, genuine, real.
Truthful, sincere, loyal, faithful.

(Hinduism) Great cosmological cycle of creation, where the material Universe is created, degrades and is annihilated during the kalpānta.
(Hinduism) Cosmological period of one day (half-day) of Brahmā, duration of a creation of the Universe, worth 1000 great eras [mahāyuga] (approximately 4.32 billion years); each kalpa consists of 14 eras of Manu [manvantara].
(Bābā) Great cosmological cycle of creation, where the material Universe is created in its state of maximum purity, degrades and is then destroyed and recreated (transformation and not annihilation).
(Bābā) cosmological period of one day (paradise for 2500 years) and one night (hell for 2500 years) of Brahmā, duration of a creation of the Universe, worth 5000 years.

To freeze, to solidify, to become firm or hard, to clot.
To be established, to be settled, to settle, to have a prolonged sitting, to sit for long, to be fixed, to take root.
To be effective.

Middle, centre.

To sing, to chant.
A song.

Unearthly, heavenly, celestial, phenomenal, transcendental, supernatural.
Uncommon, strange, rare, unusual, exceptional, unordinary, extraordinary.

Anything given as a memorial.
A valuable present (to a mistress or friend).
A token, a souvenir, a keepsake.
A monument, memorial.
Anything memorable, or worthy of remembrance.

Speech, voice.
Saraswati : the goddess of speech.

Heart, courage, spirit, will.

(Hinduism) One of the five valiant sons of King Pāṇḍu, and the heroes of the Mahābhārat (Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva).
(Bābā) Brother.
(Bābā) Spiritual guide showing all the souls the true path.
(Bābā) The Pandavas, those who have love for God in their intellect; Brahmins of the Confluence age.

'to keep the remembrance'. To bear in mind, to keep in memory, to remember.

Several, sundry, divers, some, some few.

Picture, painting, illustration, figure, photo.

Separate(d), staying away (from a joint family), unique, novel, distinct.

To forget.

Memory, remembrance.
Books of traditional code of Hindu law.

Right, authority, command, possession, occupation, entitlement.

Obtaining, acquisition; attainment (to a goal, a level); fulfilment (of a request).
Gain, advantage; income.
Receipt (of a letter, &c.); reception (of guests).

All, the whole, whole, entire, complete, universal.

According to or conformably with.
Proof, evidence; verification; warrant.
Evidence (as to a matter).

Without, exclusive of, wanting, except (it may often be conveniently rendered by the Eng. neg. prefixes un-, in, or by the affix -less).

A day (comprised of twenty-four hours from sunrise to sunrise).
A day (extending from sunrise to sunset), daytime.
Time(s).

Bulky, fat.
Gross, coarse; undifferentiated; outward, apparent.
Crude, rough, gross.
Dense, stupid.
philos. Tangible, material (as opposed to sūkṣma, subtle).
(Bābā) Tangible, material.

(Causative of samajhnā) To persuade, explain.

Part.

With, along with, in the company of, in company with, in connection with.
We will replace kē with a possessive pronoun mērē (mine), tērē (yours), etc. to say "with me", "with you".

Near to.
Belonging to (genitive marker).
To have (used with the verb hōnā to be).

Shape, form.
Appearance.
Character, nature.
(Hinduism) Form assumed by a deity, or by the ultimate being; image, idol.
Of the same nature or character; similar.
(suffix) Having the nature or character (of), by way of, as, amounting to.
(Bābā) Form assumed by the soul; image.

Thing, article, item, object; commodity; ornament.
A thing of value, a valuable, a precious thing.

Kingdom, rule, reign, polity, the state.

Base, basis, foundation.
(sindhi) A support, prop, dependence.
(Bābā) Support.

Interrogative adverb: When? At what time ?

Divided, separated, separate.
Distinct, different, other.

Father.

Etcetera.
Beginning.
Early, initial, primordial.

Genitive case of vah : of him, of her, of that, his, her.

First, first of all, in the beginning, in olden times, originally, before, beforehand.

(The) others.

Towards.

Master.

To sleep.

Finished, ended, concluded, terminated, completed.

To hear, to listen, to pay heed.
Hearing, audition.

Joy, delight, happiness.

Stage.
(Bābā) State, condition.

Happy, pleased.
Good.

Big, large, great, huge, important, commodious, expansive.
Noble, reputed.
Elder, elderly, senior.
Grown up.
Rich.
adv. Very, exceedingly.

To eat, to feed on, to consume, to swallow, to take.
to get, to receive.
To feel, to suffer, to endure.
Eating, food, meal, dinner.

To engage, to employ.
To attach, to join, to connect.
To plant.
To apply.
To affix.
To make someone hang around.
To levy.
To touch.
To invest.
To paste, to stick.
To set, to fix.
To shut, to close.
To keep.
To backbite.
To inflame.
To add.

By oneself, on one's own.
Of one's own accord or volition.
Involuntarily, automatically.
By nature, naturally.
Self-.

To cause to be done, cause to be made; to actuate, effect, make; to perform (sacrifice, etc.), to assist.

I. (personal pronoun)

The Illusion of the world which makes us believe false things and distances us from the Truth taught by God. The world, nature, the universe is not in itself an illusion. It is an eternal reality as is the soul and the Supreme Soul.

Otherwise, or else, if not, lest, but for.
No, certainly not.

World.
The present world, the present life or state of existence.
The people of this world, people.
Worldly enjoyments or blessings, worldly goods, the good things of this life, wealth, riches.

Action (with its fruit, and implications of merit); an act, deed.
(moral) duty or obligation.
A religious observance, action or rite (as sacrifice, ablution, funeral obsequies).
Fate (as the consequence of previous acts); fortune, lot.
Result, effect.

Or, either.

(interrogative adjective and adverb of manner) What-like, what sort of, what kind or manner of, in what manner, how, by what means.

Interrogative adjective and pronoun : which.

Less (also used in comparisons).
Little, few, scanty, short, small, deficient.
Rarely, seldom.

The instinctive mind that creates thoughts according to its desires or aversions. Faculty of human beings shared with animals and small children.
Thought in the form of desire or aversion.

Side, direction.
Towards.

To (treat as one's) own.
To adopt.
To appropriate.

Determination, resolve, resolution, will.
Mind, thought, idea.
(Bābā) Thought, idea.
(Bābā) Right idea, pure thought (śuddha khyāl)

Equal, equivalent, similar, alike, identical, tantamount.

To can, to be able to.

Got, obtained; procured, acquired.

Experience.

Anyone, someone, any.

Cause, reason, factor, purpose, motive.
For the sake of, on account of.
(Bābā) Instrument. He who acts for the Cause of God, in His name.

All ; whole, entire, complete.

Special, specific, particular, distinctive, characteristic, typical.

Human effort or exertion; valour; industry.
An object of human pursuit.
(Hinduism) The four basic aims of human existence (viz. dharm discharge of duty; arth acquirement of wealth; kām gratification of desire; mokṣha final emancipation).
(Bābā) The effort made by the soul to attain perfection.
(Bābā) Spiritual effort. The effort made for the sake (arth) of development of the soul (puruṣh). This effort includes the steps we take for attaining the perfect state of our original and eternal self.

Action, act, activity.
Work, task, duty, function, role.
Occupation.
Business, matter (in hand), agenda.

Yād and pyār: remembrance and love, remembrance and affection.

Manner, way.

Easy, simple.
Spontaneous, straightforward, ingenuous.
Innate, natural, congenital.

To speak, to utter, to pronounce.
To bid.

Power, strength, potency, energy.
Name of the goddess personifying divine power.
The energy or active power of a deity personified as his wife (as Gaurī of Śhiv, Lakṣhmī of viṣhṇu, &c.)
(Brahma kumaris) Sister, mother.
Śhiv Śhakti, the powers of Śhiv. In Bhakti they are portrayed as goddesses sitting on a lion, swan, lotus etc. They are symbolic of the victory over vices (demons). As power of Śhiv, brothers are Śhiv Śhakti too.

Something; anything.
A little, some.
fig. sthg. particular.
Some; any.
A few.
Somewhat, a little, at all.

Sometime, ever.

To fall, to fall down, to drop.
To lie (down).
To occur, to befall.
To be involved; to be hit.
(Following the uninflected infinitive of another verb, paṛnā, like honā, signifies 'have to,' 'must'; e.g. usko jāne paṛā, 'he had to go'; — annexed to the base of some neuter verbs it forms intensives, as gir-paṛnā, 'to fall down'; — annexed to the base of a transitive verb it has generally the sense of honā, as dekh paṛnā, 'to be seen,' 'to become visible').

The world, universe.

If, if so be, in case, in the event of.

Position, situation, state, condition, stage, phase.

To, upto, till, until, by.

Then, at that time, afterwards, thereupon, therefore, hence.

Ahead, in front of, before; in future.

As much as, as many, how much, however much.

(Relative pronoun) When.

That is, that is to say, namely (viz.).

Reason, cause.
Agency, instrument.
For the reason, because (of, -ke), on account (of), for the sake (of), &c.

Then, again, afterwards, thereafter, in future, a second time.

As much as this, this much; so much, so many.

To turn.
To wander, to ramble, to walk about, to go round.

The soul, the spirit, the self.

The best, good, excellent, superior.

Always, perpetually, continually, ever.

Emphatic form of yah: this very.

Or.

To put, to place, to keep, to possess, to have, to employ, to appoint.

To take.

Father.

On this account, for this reason, hence, therefore.

Second.
Other, another.
Next.

To know, to become aware of, to perceive.

By, through, through the medium of, through the agency of, by means of, with.

To understand.

Many, much.
Very.

Continue.

Child, kid, baby, infant.
Inexperienced, raw, of unripe age.

Rūp, the one who smiles while making the flowers of virtues emerge from his lips. He is the embodiment of Yoga.
Form, shape, appearance, aspect, image, beauty, good looks, mould, type.

(interrogative) How much, how many.
(exclamative) So, so much, so many.

Bāp and Dādā.
The Father Śhiv and the elder brother Brahmā,
The father Brahmā and the Grandfather Śhiv.

Not (subjunctive or imperative).
Na .. na, Neither .. nor.
Repetitive Compounds of indefinite Pronouns, and of Adverbs formed from them are made by placing the Negative particle between the two words. These Compounds have a pronounced indefinite force. (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi - Appendice III 5-j)

A matter, topic, subject, concern, fact, thing.

Time.
Period.
Times, timings.
Occasion.
Leisure.
A convention.

interrogative pronoun. Who

To go, to depart, to lose, to flow.

To make, to construct, to compose, to build, to prepare, to make ready, to form.
To pull somebody's leg, to patch up, to develop a good equation with.
To befool.

To wish, to want, to like, to love, to be fond of, to crave for, to desire, to require.

Say.

Some, any, someone, anyone.

पर denotes :

• Location or position on or upon or at something.
• Point of time at which an action takes place.
• Sequence of actions of happenings.
• Cause or reason.
• Objects of (compound) Verbs signifying mercy, faith, confidence, anger etc.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

You (to a superior, a stranger, his father).
(reflective pronoun) Self, himself, oneself, yourself, themselves...

Emphatic particle at the end of the sentence: no?, isn't it?
No.

To give.

One, 1, a, single, alone.
The number one.
The One, the Number One. God. There is only one God (Supreme Being) but many gods and goddesses (golden age deities).

Opposite, inimical, other, alien, higher.

A suffix denoting an agent, doer, owner, possessor, keeper or inhabitant : the one of, the one with, the one who.

Now.

Similar to, like, resembling, as, such as.

Good.
Well.
All right, well done.
So long.

But, but still, on the other hand, however, notwithstanding, nevertheless, yet.

That (to report indirect speech, example he says that).

To become, be, change, belong (with a possessive pronoun or a noun in the genitive case).

To come.

All, entire, whole, total.
Every.
All people, everybody, the whole.

To remain, to stay.

Reflexive possessive pronoun and adjective : my, mine, myself, your, yours, yourself, etc.

Such, of this type.

To see, to look, to view, to perceive, to observe.
To consider.
To experience.

(Hinduism) Sacred syllable symbolising God Almighty.
Sacred syllable symbolising the almighty soul in general. (Hindus confuse the soul and the Supreme Soul)
I am.
Me the soul.

Interrogative pronoun What? for an open question.
Interrogative adjective What?, Which? (if followed by a name).
Interrogative pronoun for a closed question (yes/no type).

Peace, calmness, quiet, tranquillity, quietude, silence.

Not manifest, not apparent, imperceptible, indistinct.

No.
Not.

3rd person personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun or determiner in a close context : he, she, this (also they, these).

Relative pronoun (without distinction of gender or number): who, that, which, what. Can be coupled with vah creating an identity relationship between the two terms of two propositions in the sentence.

And.
Else.
Other.

Third person personal pronoun: he, she, it (and also they).
Distant demonstrative pronoun and adjective: that (and also those).

Key.

Then, therefore, moreover.
An emphatic particle (e.g. मैं तो जाऊँगा).
At any rate, however, at least.

The letter K of our alphabet (used as an initial in acronyms).

Emphatic particle with a sense of exclusion : only.

का denotes one of the under-mentioned relations between a Noun or a Pronoun and another Noun which follows the former. If the Noun that follows is Feminine (singular or plural), का changes to की; if it is Masculine and Plural, or has an oblique form, का changes to के.

• Possession and relationship.
• Material or composition.
• Worth and measure (space or time).
• Source, origin, cause.
• Subject (doer of an act).
• Object (of an activity).
• Part of a whole.
• Purpose.
• Characteristic.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

To be.
To happen, to occur.
To exist.
To be born.

To do.
Also used after a transitive English verb to conjugate.

में is used for denoting :

• Location or presence (of something) in or within something.
• Duration.
• Price.
• Comparison with reference to more than two, or difference.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

को is used for denoting:

• A Person who 'does' something involuntarily (such as—like, dislike, remember, be injured, be offended, suffer, feel, enjoy, receive, happen, to have, to meet, to know, to see or to hear, or to do something under compulsion, requirement, necessity, obligation, etc.).
• An Animate Object, provided it denotes a particular being.
• The object of a Verb in the Neutral Construction.
• Every Secondary Object (which is usually animate).
• The Object of a Verb requiring a predicative word (referring to the object).
• Nouns denoting time when used adverbially.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

Inclusive emphatic particle: too, also, even.

से is used for denoting :

• The Subject of a Verb in the passive and impersonal voices.
• The indirect Objects (which are usually persons) of the Verbs meaning 'to tell, say, ask, ask for, beg, demand, claim, request’.
• Means, instrument or agency.
• Manner.
• Cause, reason, origin.
• Association, antagonism.
• Separation or keeping away from.
• Starting point (place or time).
• Duration (with reference to a continuous 'action' of present or past).
• Difference and comparison between two persons or things.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)