बुधवार 20 नवंबर 1985 की अव्यक्त मुरली

हिंदी को ISO 15919 पर आधारित अनुकूलित लिप्यंतरण के साथ रोमन अक्षरों में भी दिखाया जाता है।

लिप्यंतरण कैसे पढ़ें

यह साइट ISO 15919 पर आधारित लिप्यंतरण का प्रयोग करती है। पढ़ना आसान बनाने के लिए c, ś और ṣ के बाद h तथा स्वर r̥ के बाद i जोड़ा जाता है। इन बदलावों से यह भारत में प्रयुक्त हंटरियन प्रणाली के करीब आता है, जबकि ISO 15919 के विशिष्ट चिह्न बने रहते हैं।

इस साइट पर किए गए बदलाव
ISO 15919इस साइट पर
cch
śśh
ṣṣh
r̥r̥i

पढ़ने के कुछ संकेत:

  • ā, ī, ū: अक्षर के ऊपर की रेखा दीर्घ स्वर दर्शाती है।
  • ṭ, ḍ, ṇ: नीचे का बिंदु मूर्धन्य व्यंजनों को t, d, n से अलग करता है।
  • स्वर के ऊपर टिल्ड चिह्न अनुनासिक उच्चारण दर्शाता है।
दिखाई जाने वाली श्रेणियाँ
इस क्रम के बारे में

Words are sorted according to their importance. A word will be considered important if it is used several times in the murli and if this word does not appear as often in other murlis. This importance is calculated by what is called tf-idf (term frequency * inverse document frequency). This score appears in parentheses. The first words are good candidates as keywords.

Cycle of births or states, transmigration.
The world, the universe.
Life in this world, worldly concerns, illusion as to worldly reality.
(Bābā) The corporeal world in which one reincarnates.

To swing, to oscillate, to dangle.

Rule.

Paradise, heaven, abode of gods : Earth or Bharat in the Golden Age.

A fairy.
(fig.) A beautiful woman.

A swing.
A cradle.

A leader.
Pioneer.

Fatherly, of the Father.

The public, people, masses.

Love, emotion of love.

Righteous.

Hell (the place of torment, as distinguished from pātāl, 'the lower regions' ; narak includes a number of places of torture of various descriptions, generally said to be twenty-one in number).

Feather.
Wing, pinion.

To select, to choose, to pick, to elect.

Of satyug, of the age of truth, golden aged.

Unobstructed, uninterrupted, untroubled, secure from impediments.
Unobstructedly, freely, securely.

Living or settled in a country, a citizen, resident.

Natural, nature-made, physical, unsophisticated, unrefined.

Soul.

To lose, to waste, to squander.

Possessor of a crore of rupees, a millionaire.

Self.

The world.
One of the three worlds: svarg (heaven), pr̥thvī (Earth), pātāl (hell).
One of the fourteen worlds (of which seven are above and seven below).
People, folk, public.
Popular, public.

Building.
(Bābā) House.

One who has self-government (svarājya).

Separate(d), staying away (from a joint family), unique, novel, distinct.

Progress, development.

Wealth, riches, money.

An independent, sovereign state.
Independence, autonomy, home-rule, self-government.
(Bābā) The state of the soul when it has attained complete control over its sense-organs, mind, intellect and sanskaras. The soul can be seen as the king of a kingdom of its own: the body and the 3 faculties of the soul (man, buddhi and sanskār).

Jealousy.

A fort, castle.

Real, essential, actual, genuine.

Sentiment, feeling, emotion.

Pain, ache, affliction.

One who has made sacrifices, renouncer; a recluse.

Emotion, sentiment feeling.
Idea.
Rate, price(s), quotation.
Existence, existing state, being.
Sense, purport.
Gist.
Nature, temperament, disposition.

Separation.
Distinction.
Difference.
Rarity.
(Bābā) Separation, detachment (especially from things of the old world, the body, relationships, etc. to keep in our consciousness only what we really are: the soul).

Clean, clear, neat, pure, transparent.

Deception, deceit, fraud, cheating, guile, subterfuge. A scarecrow.

Change, exchange, barter, transfer, substitution, stead, lieu, person or thing taken in exchange for another, substitute, relief (of a watch).

Enemy, foe.

Dear, beloved, loved.
Pleasing, lovely.
A dear one, beloved.

(Hinduism) An ascetic, a devoutly austere person, one who practises self-mortification.
(Bābā) One who practices tapasyā, the intense, fire-like and consistent meditation.

Language, speech.
The vernacular of any country.
Dialect.
The Hindī language.

Happiness and peace.

Supreme Soul : Śiv and not Brahmā.

Foot, leg.

Atmosphere.

Unobtained, unachieved, unacquired.

Dispelled mōh :

  • Illusion; ignorance; affection; infatuation; fascination; spell dispelled.
  • (in philosophy) Darkness or delusion of mind preventing the discernment of truth (leading men to believe in the reality of worldly objects, and to addict themselves to mundane or sensual enjoyment) dispelled.
    (Bābā) Destroyer of attachment, the one who dispels mōh.

Understanding, mental grasp, intelligence, sense, judgment.
Mind; opinion, view.

The end.
At last, after all.

Everything, all.

'Making one's own,' taking on one's self, assent, agreement, consent, acquiescence, acknowledgment, acceptance.

Black, dark.
Great, fearful, terrible.
A name of Kr̥iṣhṇa.
The black and most venomous variety of the cobra, Coluber naga.
A sepoy.
(Bābā) Blackened, soiled by vices.

Authority.

Pride.
Sparkle of happiness.
Intoxication.

Discerning, intelligent, sensible, wise, prudent.

Daily routine.
Daily observance of bk rules throughout the day.

Seated in the heart and on the throne.

Creator, composer, author.

Unearthly, heavenly, celestial, phenomenal, transcendental, supernatural.
Uncommon, strange, rare, unusual, exceptional, unordinary, extraordinary.

Body.

High, lofty, tall, raised, elevated, exalted, eminent.

Restraint, restriction.
Fixed rule, law; principle; regulation.
Custom, normal practice.
Self-imposed restraint or religious observance (as fasting, prayer, pilgrimage); vow; penance; piety.
Moderation, temperateness.

Knowledge.

To add, to sum up.
To link, to unite, to connect, to attach, to bind.
To collect, to accumulate, to assemble.
To weld.
To cement.
To set (a bone etc.).
To save up.

Challenge.

Message.

Fast speed.

Student.

Good desire, good wish.

(Hinduism) Penance, self-mortification, asceticism.
(Bābā) Intense, fire-like and consistent meditation.

Old, ancient.
Worn out, old-fashioned, antiquated, obsolete, out of date.
Experienced, sage, knowing.

Sweet, melodious, pleasant, mellifluous.

Enthroned, installed on the throne.

To unite.
To compare.
To recoṉcile.
To mix, to mingle, to blend.
To join, to connect.
To harmonize, to tune.
To cause to meet, to bring together.

Kingdom, rule, reign, polity, the state.

'who has, carries, or supports the service'. Server, servant.

Power.

Daughter of Brahmā.

Below, under, beneath, at the bottom, down, below.

Sorrow, unhappiness, suffering, grief, distress.

To pain, to ache, to smart, to throb.
To feel pity or compassion (for).
To feel compunction or remorse.

Interruption, interference, meddling, obstacle, disturbance.

Throne, chair of state; seat, stage, platform; sofa, bed; any place raised above the ground for sitting, reclining, or sleeping.

To change, to alter, to replace.
To convert, to be converted.
To go back (on one's word).

The aim, object, objective, target, goal.
Indicated, implied.

Abandonment, relinquishment, renunciation, forsaking, sacrifice, abnegation.

New, novel, fresh, unused, green, recent, modern, raw, inexperienced, young.

By oneself, on one's own.

According to or conformably with.
Proof, evidence; verification; warrant.
Evidence (as to a matter).

Crown, diadem.

What is to be held or kept: the complex of religious and social obligations which a devout Hindu is required to fulfil, right action, duty; morality; virtue, virtuous life; justice.
Customary observances of community or sect, etc.
The prescriptions or sanctions of religion; moral law.
Religion.
Particular nature or character; walk of life; way of life (e.g. of a woman as opposed to a man, of a man as opposed to a youth); caste.
Spiritual merit, as deriving from the fulfilment of dharma.

Knowledgeful.

Vogue.
Usage, custom.
Conduct.

The instinctive mind that creates thoughts according to its desires or aversions. Faculty of human beings shared with animals and small children.
Thought in the form of desire or aversion.

Qualified, able, deserving, capable, competent, worthy, eligible, suitable.

Subjects, public, people.

A dream.

Foundation.

Article, thing, object, substance, material, content.
Action or plot of a drama.

Condition, state, age, stage, phase.

Attracted, charmed, allured.

King, monarch, prince.

Science.

Collected, gathered.
Together, in one lot.

Governor, ruler, minister, functionary, official, officer, (and generally) one invested with power or authority.
Proprietor, owner, master, heir.
Agent, deputy; one who possesses a right, title, or privilege.

Self (myself, himself, itself, &c.).
Own, private, personal.

(Hinduism) The first of the four castes in traditional Hindu social hierarchy whose main duty, as prescribed, was to study, to teach, to perform yagya and to subsist through alms.
(Brahma Kumaris) The mouth born child of Brahma.

Good feeling, auspicious feeling.

Liking, choice, taste, preference.
Approval.
Approved, liked.

A god, deity, divine being. (does not apply to God)

Seed, kernel. Source, origin, primary cause.

Knowledge directly taught by God.

Wave, ripple, undulation.
A wavy pattern.
Surge, caprice, whim, impulse.

The three, all three.

Small, little, short, young, petty, subordinate, junior, insignificant.

Exaltation, greatness, grandeur, glory, dignity, majesty, importance.

Circle, disc.
Cycle, circular movement, rotation, revolution, circumambulation, round.
(Sanskrit) The royal wheel, badge of sovereignty.
(Sanskrit) Region, country; sovereignty.
myth. Flaming disc, solar weapon of Viṣṇu.

Visible, perceptible, clear, evident, vivid, real, actual, express, explicit.
Direct, immediate; personal (as acquaintance).
Visible reality, actuality.

To emerge.

In place of, in lieu of, instead of.

Successful, effective, fruitful.

Pertaining to deity, divine, godlike.
(Bābā) Of Īśvar, of God.

To eat, to feed on, to consume, to swallow, to take.
to get, to receive.
To feel, to suffer, to endure.
Eating, food, meal, dinner.

Capable, competent.
Powerful.

Master, employer, owner, lord (as landlord), proprietor.
Husband.

To be contained, to enter, to fit, to permeate.

Finished, ended, concluded, terminated, completed.

World.
The present world, the present life or state of existence.
The people of this world, people.
Worldly enjoyments or blessings, worldly goods, the good things of this life, wealth, riches.

To sing, to chant.
A song.

Beneficial, favorable, auspicious, salutary.
Well-being, prosperity, happiness.
(Hinduism) Confused with Śhaṅkar. Name of the third god of the Hindū triad, the Deity in the character of producer or destroyer (Śhiv's most distinctive function is to preside over the dissolution of the world at the end of each aeon in order that it may be created anew), or Time personified.
(Hinduism) The phallic or pillar emblem of Śhiv.
(Bābā) The name of the Supreme Being The Auspicious, the Good, the Well-being, etc. who does his work of Creation, Sustainment and Destruction of the World through the trimūrti Brahmā, Viṣhṇu and Śhaṅkar three subtle deities created by God in the subtle world.
(Bābā) The Seed of the Human World Tree.
(Bābā) The Point. He is the Supreme Soul and therefore has the shape of a point like any soul. As He is incorporeal, it was represented with the shape of a pillar or, more anciently, an egg. The degradation of devotion has led Hindus to see it as a phallic representation symbolizing the Creator role of God and others to transgress the rules of Hindu conduct (left path tantra) where sexuality is permitted and revered as a divine activity.

Distinct, clear, apparent, evident, obvious, manifest, intelligible, easy, plain.

Behaviour, conduct, mode of life.
Natural tendency, instinct.
Business, employment, profession.
Means of subsistence, allowance, pension.
Commentary (on a text).
Usage (of a term or expression).
(Bābā) Attitude, thought pattern, tendencies, inclinations, instincts.

Difference.
Distance, interval, spacing, margin.
Interior, heart.

Method, manner, mode.
Custom, way, practice, vogue.
Tradition.
Style.

Connection, union.
Combination; conjuncture (as of heavenly bodies); agreement, similarity.
Yoga, a theory or practice of abstract meditation undertaken to bring the soul towards or into union with the supreme spirit; bodily exercises or disciplines, as conducive to the above.
(Bābā) Union in remembrance (especially with the Father).

Sight, view, vision, glance.
(Bābā) Vision, look.

Teacher.

To forget.

Who possesses power or strength, powerful, strong.

Interrogative pronominal adverb : Where ?

Happiness, pleasure, comfort, felicity, contentment.

Indestructible, imperishable, everlasting, immortal, entire.

Number.

Country, land, native home, region, space.

Birth, origin, genesis.
Life, existence.

To raise, to lift up.
To wake up.
To rent out.
To bear.
To remove.

Joyous, delighted, cheerful.

To think of, to remember, recollect, call to mind.
To commit to memory.
(Bābā) To remember (by making an effort). It is a function of the higher mind (buddhi).

Near to.
Belonging to (genitive marker).
To have (used with the verb hōnā to be).

Family, household.

Thing, article, item, object; commodity; ornament.
A thing of value, a valuable, a precious thing.

The act of accomplishing, or achieving, processing.
An accomplishment, achievement, solution, realization.
Means, medium; expedient.
Appliance(s), equipment, device, an implement.
Resource(s).
(bābā) Material things, comforts, facilities.

Side, direction.
Towards.

To increase, to multiply, to grow, to progress, to advance.

Connection, relationship.

Attention.

Fruit (from a tree).
(fig.) Fruit, reward, return, effect, outcome, result, consequence, product.

Life, animation, existence.

(The) others.

Towards.

Speciality, peculiarity, singularity, quality, attribute, characteristic.

The intelligent mind that thinks, observes its thoughts, sets a goal, imbibes knowledge or beliefs and judges what is right or not, what conforms to its purpose or not. This mind grows until an adult age.

Sometime, ever.

(Hinduism) Great cosmological cycle of creation, where the material Universe is created, degrades and is annihilated during the kalpānta.
(Hinduism) Cosmological period of one day (half-day) of Brahmā, duration of a creation of the Universe, worth 1000 great eras [mahāyuga] (approximately 4.32 billion years); each kalpa consists of 14 eras of Manu [manvantara].
(Bābā) Great cosmological cycle of creation, where the material Universe is created in its state of maximum purity, degrades and is then destroyed and recreated (transformation and not annihilation).
(Bābā) cosmological period of one day (paradise for 2500 years) and one night (hell for 2500 years) of Brahmā, duration of a creation of the Universe, worth 5000 years.

To hear, to listen, to pay heed.
Hearing, audition.

Practical.

Cooperation, collaboration.

To leave.
To abandon.
To release.

Memory, remembrance.
Books of traditional code of Hindu law.

Service.
(Bābā) Selfless use of our mind, body and wealth for the benefit of the world.

There.

Fortune, fate, luck, destiny.

Action (with its fruit, and implications of merit); an act, deed.
(moral) duty or obligation.
A religious observance, action or rite (as sacrifice, ablution, funeral obsequies).
Fate (as the consequence of previous acts); fortune, lot.
Result, effect.

Towards.

The best, good, excellent, superior.

Notwithstanding, even then, in spite of that.

Here, hither, in/at this place.

A memento, keepsake, token.
Mark, mark of identification, sign, trace.

To think, to reflect, to ponder over, to consider.

To be born.

Success, achievement.

By oneself, on one's own.
Of one's own accord or volition.
Involuntarily, automatically.
By nature, naturally.
Self-.

As much as, as many, how much, however much.

Work, task, job, employment, performance, function.

Passion, lust.
Desire.

The world, universe.

Where, wherever.

Less (also used in comparisons).
Little, few, scanty, short, small, deficient.
Rarely, seldom.

Father.

Power, strength, potency, energy.
Name of the goddess personifying divine power.
The energy or active power of a deity personified as his wife (as Gaurī of Śhiv, Lakṣhmī of viṣhṇu, &c.)
(Brahma kumaris) Sister, mother.
Śhiv Śhakti, the powers of Śhiv. In Bhakti they are portrayed as goddesses sitting on a lion, swan, lotus etc. They are symbolic of the victory over vices (demons). As power of Śhiv, brothers are Śhiv Śhakti too.

To cause to hear, to relate, to read out, to recite, to pronounce.

To reach, to arrive.

Ahead, in front of, before; in future.

Anyone, someone, any.

Or.

Second.

(Hinduism) 'The forest of the demon Madhu,' near the Yamuna river (where Śhatru-ghna, after killing Lavaṇa, son of Madhu, founded the city of Madhurā or Mathurā, the city where Kr̥iṣhṇa was born, where God was incarnated).
(Bābā) Place where the seat of the Brahma Kumaris is located where the Supreme Being has descended on numerous occasions (in the body of Brahmā, then of Dadi Gulzar).

Remembrance, recollection, memory.

Special, specific, particular, distinctive, characteristic, typical.

Joy, delight, happiness.

A man.
People, public.
Placed after the pronoun ham (we), tum (you or you) or āp (you) grammatically plural to remove ambiguity on the number of people (at least 2 people)

Why.

'not one'. Many, several, various, much, abundant.

A little, some, meagre, scanty.
Short.

To can, to be able to.

We.
(rustic form) I.

Today.

To put, to place, to keep, to possess, to have, to employ, to appoint.

To (treat as one's) own.
To adopt.
To appropriate.

A postposition denoting the subject (ergative case that is to say with a past participle).

To meet, to encounter, to be mixed, to be mingled, to unite, to merge, to tally, to conform, to obtain, to get, to acquire, to be acquired, to beget, to embrace, to form an alliance.

All, the whole, whole, entire, complete, universal.

Emphatic form of yah: this very.

To engage, to employ.
To attach, to join, to connect.
To plant.
To apply.
To affix.
To make someone hang around.
To levy.
To touch.
To invest.
To paste, to stick.
To set, to fix.
To shut, to close.
To keep.
To backbite.
To inflame.
To add.

Then, at that time, afterwards, thereupon, therefore, hence.

Shape, form.
Appearance.
Character, nature.
(Hinduism) Form assumed by a deity, or by the ultimate being; image, idol.
Of the same nature or character; similar.
(suffix) Having the nature or character (of), by way of, as, amounting to.
(Bābā) Form assumed by the soul; image.

Each, every.
Each one, everybody.

On this account, for this reason, hence, therefore.

Action, act, activity.
Work, task, duty, function, role.
Occupation.
Business, matter (in hand), agenda.

To speak, to utter, to pronounce.
To bid.

If, if so be, in case, in the event of.

Experience.

Easy, simple.
Spontaneous, straightforward, ingenuous.
Innate, natural, congenital.

Continue.

That is, that is to say, namely (viz.).

Reason, cause.
Agency, instrument.
For the reason, because (of, -ke), on account (of), for the sake (of), &c.

First, first of all, in the beginning, in olden times, originally, before, beforehand.

Many, much.
Very.

Because, since.

(interrogative) How much, how many.
(exclamative) So, so much, so many.

The soul, the spirit, the self.

As much as this, this much; so much, so many.

Not (subjunctive or imperative).
Na .. na, Neither .. nor.
Repetitive Compounds of indefinite Pronouns, and of Adverbs formed from them are made by placing the Negative particle between the two words. These Compounds have a pronounced indefinite force. (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi - Appendice III 5-j)

To know, to become aware of, to perceive.

Or, either.

Determination, resolve, resolution, will.
Mind, thought, idea.
(Bābā) Thought, idea.
(Bābā) Right idea, pure thought (śuddha khyāl)

Rūp, the one who smiles while making the flowers of virtues emerge from his lips. He is the embodiment of Yoga.
Form, shape, appearance, aspect, image, beauty, good looks, mould, type.

Always, perpetually, continually, ever.

For, for the sake of.

By, through, through the medium of, through the agency of, by means of, with.

Emphatic particle at the end of the sentence: no?, isn't it?
No.

To go, to depart, to lose, to flow.

Then, again, afterwards, thereafter, in future, a second time.

Child, kid, baby, infant.
Inexperienced, raw, of unripe age.

To take.

Something; anything.
A little, some.
fig. sthg. particular.
Some; any.
A few.
Somewhat, a little, at all.

To turn.
To wander, to ramble, to walk about, to go round.

Say.

Father.

interrogative pronoun. Who

To see, to look, to view, to perceive, to observe.
To consider.
To experience.

To understand.

One, 1, a, single, alone.
The number one.
The One, the Number One. God. There is only one God (Supreme Being) but many gods and goddesses (golden age deities).

To wish, to want, to like, to love, to be fond of, to crave for, to desire, to require.

(Relative pronoun) When.

Time.
Period.
Times, timings.
Occasion.
Leisure.
A convention.

But, but still, on the other hand, however, notwithstanding, nevertheless, yet.

Bāp and Dādā.
The Father Śhiv and the elder brother Brahmā,
The father Brahmā and the Grandfather Śhiv.

All, entire, whole, total.
Every.
All people, everybody, the whole.

You (to a superior, a stranger, his father).
(reflective pronoun) Self, himself, oneself, yourself, themselves...

Some, any, someone, anyone.

Now.

Good.
Well.
All right, well done.
So long.

To give.

A suffix denoting an agent, doer, owner, possessor, keeper or inhabitant : the one of, the one with, the one who.

Interrogative pronoun What? for an open question.
Interrogative adjective What?, Which? (if followed by a name).
Interrogative pronoun for a closed question (yes/no type).

To become, be, change, belong (with a possessive pronoun or a noun in the genitive case).

Similar to, like, resembling, as, such as.

Peace, calmness, quiet, tranquillity, quietude, silence.

That (to report indirect speech, example he says that).

To make, to construct, to compose, to build, to prepare, to make ready, to form.
To pull somebody's leg, to patch up, to develop a good equation with.
To befool.

Such, of this type.

(Hinduism) Sacred syllable symbolising God Almighty.
Sacred syllable symbolising the almighty soul in general. (Hindus confuse the soul and the Supreme Soul)
I am.
Me the soul.

Reflexive possessive pronoun and adjective : my, mine, myself, your, yours, yourself, etc.

Not manifest, not apparent, imperceptible, indistinct.

To remain, to stay.

To come.

3rd person personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun or determiner in a close context : he, she, this (also they, these).

No.
Not.

Relative pronoun (without distinction of gender or number): who, that, which, what. Can be coupled with vah creating an identity relationship between the two terms of two propositions in the sentence.

And.
Else.
Other.

The letter K of our alphabet (used as an initial in acronyms).

Key.

Emphatic particle with a sense of exclusion : only.

Then, therefore, moreover.
An emphatic particle (e.g. मैं तो जाऊँगा).
At any rate, however, at least.

Third person personal pronoun: he, she, it (and also they).
Distant demonstrative pronoun and adjective: that (and also those).

To be.
To happen, to occur.
To exist.
To be born.

का denotes one of the under-mentioned relations between a Noun or a Pronoun and another Noun which follows the former. If the Noun that follows is Feminine (singular or plural), का changes to की; if it is Masculine and Plural, or has an oblique form, का changes to के.

  • Possession and relationship.
  • Material or composition.
  • Worth and measure (space or time).
  • Source, origin, cause.
  • Subject (doer of an act).
  • Object (of an activity).
  • Part of a whole.
  • Purpose.
  • Characteristic.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

To do.
Also used after a transitive English verb to conjugate.

में is used for denoting :

  • Location or presence (of something) in or within something.
  • Duration.
  • Price.
  • Comparison with reference to more than two, or difference.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

को is used for denoting:

  • A Person who 'does' something involuntarily (such as—like, dislike, remember, be injured, be offended, suffer, feel, enjoy, receive, happen, to have, to meet, to know, to see or to hear, or to do something under compulsion, requirement, necessity, obligation, etc.).
  • An Animate Object, provided it denotes a particular being.
  • The object of a Verb in the Neutral Construction.
  • Every Secondary Object (which is usually animate).
  • The Object of a Verb requiring a predicative word (referring to the object).
  • Nouns denoting time when used adverbially.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

Inclusive emphatic particle: too, also, even.

से is used for denoting :

  • The Subject of a Verb in the passive and impersonal voices.
  • The indirect Objects (which are usually persons) of the Verbs meaning 'to tell, say, ask, ask for, beg, demand, claim, request’.
  • Means, instrument or agency.
  • Manner.
  • Cause, reason, origin.
  • Association, antagonism.
  • Separation or keeping away from.
  • Starting point (place or time).
  • Duration (with reference to a continuous 'action' of present or past).
  • Difference and comparison between two persons or things.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)