बुधवार 16 जुलाई 1969 की अव्यक्त मुरली

हिंदी को ISO 15919 पर आधारित अनुकूलित लिप्यंतरण के साथ रोमन अक्षरों में भी दिखाया जाता है।

लिप्यंतरण कैसे पढ़ें

यह साइट ISO 15919 पर आधारित लिप्यंतरण का प्रयोग करती है। पढ़ना आसान बनाने के लिए c, ś और ṣ के बाद h तथा स्वर r̥ के बाद i जोड़ा जाता है। इन बदलावों से यह भारत में प्रयुक्त हंटरियन प्रणाली के करीब आता है, जबकि ISO 15919 के विशिष्ट चिह्न बने रहते हैं।

इस साइट पर किए गए बदलाव
ISO 15919इस साइट पर
cch
śśh
ṣṣh
r̥r̥i

पढ़ने के कुछ संकेत:

  • ā, ī, ū: अक्षर के ऊपर की रेखा दीर्घ स्वर दर्शाती है।
  • ṭ, ḍ, ṇ: नीचे का बिंदु मूर्धन्य व्यंजनों को t, d, n से अलग करता है।
  • स्वर के ऊपर टिल्ड चिह्न अनुनासिक उच्चारण दर्शाता है।
दिखाई जाने वाली श्रेणियाँ
इस क्रम के बारे में

Words are sorted according to their importance. A word will be considered important if it is used several times in the murli and if this word does not appear as often in other murlis. This importance is calculated by what is called tf-idf (term frequency * inverse document frequency). This score appears in parentheses. The first words are good candidates as keywords.

Economy.

A stamp, die, printer's block, type.
An impression, print (of hand, foot, paw).
Mould (as for working metal).

A guest.

A bangle, bracelet of precious metal (worn by women).
An iron bangle (worn by Sikh men).
A thread or string tied round the right wrist of a bridegroom and the left of a bride at the marriage ceremony.

A caste of Hindūs who are cow-herds ; a man of that caste; a cow-herd, herdsman; a dairyman, a milkman.

Celebratory function, festival (secular or religious), ceremony.

The best, the finest.
Seated aloft, occupying the chief seat.
Occupier of the chief seat, president, chairman.
The chief seat.

Star.

Cautiousness, watchfulness.

Value.

To ripen.
To be cooked.
To mature.
To supporate.
To turn grey (as hair)

Creator, composer, author.

A star.
Fortune, fate, destiny.

The womb.
Pregnancy.
Foetus.
The interior.

Dādī Kumārkā also called Dādī Prakāśhmaṇi, one of the eldest sisters (dādī) of the yagya.

In the end, in the latter part.

Fostering, rearing, breeding, patronizing.
Nourishment, nutrition.
Maintenance, support, protection, nurture, education.
Patronage.

Show, display.

Attention, heed.
Meditation, contemplation.
Concentration of mind.
(Bābā) Attention, concentration.
(Bābā) Trance, trance vision.

Mother.

A bird.
Shuttle- cock (in the game of Badminton).
The club (in a suite of cards).

Last, final, ultimate.
Finally.

To take care of.
To support.
To hold.
To keep in careful custody.
To manage.
To supervise.

Subjects, public, people.

Still, yet.

Single, lonely, lonesome, solitary.

Drama, play.

a present, gift.

lit. 'Basket; bag': the belly, the stomach, the womb.
Pregnancy.
Inner or hidden part, inside; cavity; capacity; volume.
Appetite, hunger; greediness.
(fig.) Livelihood, living.

Visibility, evidence, reality, actuality.
(Bābā) Revelation.

Incantation, charm, spell, vedic hymn, sacred formula, mystical verse, magical formula.

Composition, artistic creation; structure.
(Bābā) Creation.

Known.
Evident, apparent.

Goods, commodity, things, articles, effects, stuff, merchandise, cargo, produce, stock, wealth, riches, property.
Public revenue.
Dainties.

To recognize, to identify. To distinguish, to discern, to discriminate.

To hide, to lurk.
To set.
To be covered.

Oh ! O !

Case.

Fire-place, grate, stove, oven, forge, furnace, kiln, alembic, still, washerman's boiler or copper, distillery.
(Bābā) Collective intensive meditation for a few hours (furnace).

Temple.

King's residence, a royal palace, royal city, seat of government, capital, metropolis.

Invitation.

Sun.

A cloud.

Expenditure, expense, cost, outlay.

A devotee.

Little indeed, in no part or degree, not at all, in no wise, never.

A paternal grandfather.
An elder brother; a term of veneration or respect addressed to Brāhmans.

Education, instruction, teaching.
Moral.

Priceless, invaluable.

A slogan.

Final.

Extra.

Flag, banner, standard, ensign.

Space, vacuity.
Air, atmosphere.
Ether, the fifth element of the Hindūs (the subtle and ethereal fluid supposed to fill and pervade the universe, and to be the peculiar vehicle of life and of sound).
Sky, firmament, the heavens.

'Making one's own,' taking on one's self, assent, agreement, consent, acquiescence, acknowledgment, acceptance.

Throught the deed.

Laziness, lethargy.

Responsibility, obligation.

Fruit (from a tree).
(fig.) Fruit, reward, return, effect, outcome, result, consequence, product.

Number one.

See.

The sun of Gyān, sun of Knowledge.

Middle, centre.

The kali age, the iron age, the fourth and the last age of the universe according to the Hindu mythology.
(fig.) the age of vice.

Four.

Bank, shore, edge, border, verge.

Effort, endeavour.

Address, whereabouts, information, knowledge.

Confluence, union, meeting.

To tie, to fasten, to bind, to pack, to wrap around.

Thing, article, item, object; commodity; ornament.
A thing of value, a valuable, a precious thing.

Glitter, brilliance, splendour, flash, gleam.

Creation.
The world.

Master, lord, ruler.
God.

To forget.

Emotion, sentiment feeling.
Idea.
Rate, price(s), quotation.
Existence, existing state, being.
Sense, purport.
Gist.
Nature, temperament, disposition.

Experienced, felt, perceived.

Juice.
(aesthetic) relish.
Sentiment.
Pleasure, enjoyment.
Taste, flavour.

Light, brightness, splendour; illumination.
Brightness or clearness (of vision), sight (of the eye).
A lamp kept burning at a Moḥammadan tomb or shrine.

Seed, kernel. Source, origin, primary cause.

Chart.
(Bābā) Questionnaire to assess purūṣhārth (spiritual effort).
(Bābā) The journal of remembrance where one counts the times of remembrance.

World.
The present world, the present life or state of existence.
The people of this world, people.
Worldly enjoyments or blessings, worldly goods, the good things of this life, wealth, riches.

Acquaintance, familiarity, recognition, identification.
Identity, identification mark.

Dwelling, abiding (in), inhabiting.
A resident (of), an inhabitant; a native (of).

Change, alteration, variation.
Exchange (of objects, goods); conversion (of funds, currency).
Transformation.

Paradise, heaven, abode of gods : Earth or Bharat in the Golden Age.

The head, the skull, the forehead.
Top or highest part (of anything), summit (of a mountain).

The third of the four yug or ages according to the Hindu mythology, the age of transition from good (satyug and trētā) to the age of vice (kaliyug).

To go up, to ascend, to climb, to rise, to increase.

Progress, rise.
Promotion.
Improvement, betterment.
Development.

Mental, born of the mind.
Mentally, through the mind.

A gem, precious stone.
The most outstanding individual of a class.
The pupil of the eye.
(in comp.) Anything valuable or desirable, any precious thing, anything excellent or best of its kind (e.g. strī-ratn, 'a pearl of a woman').

To rise in waves (water), to ripple.
To wave (as foliage, crops).
To wave, to flap (a flag).
To wind (as a stream).
To undulate in movement (a snake).
To gust (as heat).
To be moved suddenly (the heart, by emotion).
To be wafted (fragrance).
To be radiant (the beauty of nature).
To cause to flutter, or to wave; to put out (a flag); to raise (a flag, standard). To raise delusive hopes in (a person); to excite, to tantalise.

From the first, from the very commencement.
At first, in the first place.
Already, beforehand.

Devotion, perseverence, inclination, attachment.
An auspicious moment (for performing a ceremony).

Enthusiasm, zeal.

Complete, all, whole, entire, full, gross, total, thorough, adequate.
Sufficiency, adequacy.

On, upon, above, upward, over.

The earth, globe.
Earth, soil, land, ground.
A beam.

Hurry, haste.
Quickly, urgently, immediately.

Conscious, sensitive, alert and awake.
Consciousness, spirit.

Class.

Standing, erect, upright, straight, vertical, steep, stationary.

Anything given as a memorial.
A valuable present (to a mistress or friend).
A token, a souvenir, a keepsake.
A monument, memorial.
Anything memorable, or worthy of remembrance.

Playfulness, sportiveness, wantonness, sprightnness, gayety, frolic; capriciousness, waywardness; giddiness, frivolity, levity, silliness, childishness; simplicity, artlessness, innocence.
Carelessness, indifference; strangeness, oddness, singularity, peculiarity.
Smartness, spruceness, foppishness; airs, blandishments, coquettishness; charm, fascination; beauty, prettiness, elegance.
(Bābā) Carelessness.

Visible, perceptible, clear, evident, vivid, real, actual, express, explicit.
Direct, immediate; personal (as acquaintance).
Visible reality, actuality.

(Hinduism) One of the five valiant sons of King Pāṇḍu, and the heroes of the Mahābhārat (Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva).
(Bābā) Brother.
(Bābā) Spiritual guide showing all the souls the true path.
(Bābā) The Pandavas, those who have love for God in their intellect; Brahmins of the Confluence age.

Whole, entire, complete, perfect.

Principal, chief, main, salient, staple, leading, capital, cardinal, pre-eminent, predominant.

A thin cake of meal fried in ghī or oil.

To eat, to feed on, to consume, to swallow, to take.
to get, to receive.
To feel, to suffer, to endure.
Eating, food, meal, dinner.

To call, to convene, to summon, to send for, to invite.

Interview.
Perception or apprehension of a god in a vision.
(Bābā) Divine vision. God grants these visions to devotees of all religions in the copper and iron ages and also to the Brahma kumaris who have this role (trance messenger) or at the beginning and end of this age (of meeting with God).

Follow.

Hidden, secret, latent, confidential.

Home, house, residence, apartment, room.
Compartment.
Native place, homeland.
Office.
Square or cell (in a chess-board).

To hold, to keep; to possess; to assume (as powers), to obtain; to fix, to determine (as a time); to suspend (as an undertaking); to hold (as an opinion).
To seize; to detain; to restrain; to check, to counter (a stratagem, &c.).
To place, to put; to deposit; to pawn; to stake (a wager).
To put on, to apply; to wear.
To apply (as the mind, or ear).

To pull, to pull one's leg, to draw, to tighten, to expand, to extract, to attract, to drag.

As long as.
(with negation) until.

Or.
That is.

You (between equals).

Homeland, native country.

The aim, object, objective, target, goal.
Indicated, implied.

Real, actual.
Accurate.

In, inside, within.

Joyous, delighted, cheerful.

To fill, to refill.

To leave.
To abandon.
To release.

(Hinduism) 'The forest of the demon Madhu,' near the Yamuna river (where Śhatru-ghna, after killing Lavaṇa, son of Madhu, founded the city of Madhurā or Mathurā, the city where Kr̥iṣhṇa was born, where God was incarnated).
(Bābā) Place where the seat of the Brahma Kumaris is located where the Supreme Being has descended on numerous occasions (in the body of Brahmā, then of Dadi Gulzar).

Among themselves, with each other or one another, together, mutually, in common, in concert.

Group.

Aspiration, gusto, zeal.

Successful, effective, fruitful.

Subtle.

(suffix) Having the form of, of the shape of, similar to.

Except, but, with the exception (of).

Diligent, industrious.
Valorous, heroic.
Who makes a personal effort, who has a goal.

Right, correct, exact, proper, true.
All right; precisely, accurately.

Below, under, beneath, at the bottom, down, below.

For, with a view to, for the sake of, on account of.
Taking, carrying, bearing.

Love, affection.
Oil, oily substance.

To fall, to fall down, to drop.
To lie (down).
To occur, to befall.
To be involved; to be hit.
(Following the uninflected infinitive of another verb, paṛnā, like honā, signifies 'have to,' 'must'; e.g. usko jāne paṛā, 'he had to go'; — annexed to the base of some neuter verbs it forms intensives, as gir-paṛnā, 'to fall down'; — annexed to the base of a transitive verb it has generally the sense of honā, as dekh paṛnā, 'to be seen,' 'to become visible').

Speech, voice.
Saraswati : the goddess of speech.

At this time, now.

(The act or process of) organization (or an organised body or system or society); union, unity; consolidation.
(Bābā) Group, coming together, gathering.

'to keep the remembrance'. To bear in mind, to keep in memory, to remember.

Less (also used in comparisons).
Little, few, scanty, short, small, deficient.
Rarely, seldom.

Idol, statue, image.

A memento, keepsake, token.
Mark, mark of identification, sign, trace.

Paternal grandmother.
(Brahma Kumaris) Eldest sister (older in gyan than the Didis who are also elder sisters)

Step, pace, footstep.

Two, 2.

Behind, on the back side of.
After, afterwards.
Backwards.
In the absence of.

To sit, to squat, to occupy a seat, to settle, to board, to mount.

Formal, having a form.
Concrete, real, visible.
Incarnate.
(Bābā) Corporeal, which has a physical, material form.

High, lofty, tall, raised, elevated, exalted, eminent.

The Illusion of the world which makes us believe false things and distances us from the Truth taught by God. The world, nature, the universe is not in itself an illusion. It is an eternal reality as is the soul and the Supreme Soul.

To come out, to get out, to emerge, to rise, to ooze out, to proceed, to emanate, to appear, to be extracted, to be deduced, to be solved, to issue or be issued, to be published, to slink away.

Indestructible, imperishable, everlasting, immortal, entire.

Number.

Country, land, native home, region, space.

We.
(rustic form) I.

Bulky, fat.
Gross, coarse; undifferentiated; outward, apparent.
Crude, rough, gross.
Dense, stupid.
philos. Tangible, material (as opposed to sūkṣma, subtle).
(Bābā) Tangible, material.

To raise, to lift up.
To wake up.
To rent out.
To bear.
To remove.

More, -er (also used in comparatives and superlatives).
Additional; superfluous, redundant; too much, excessive.
Superfluously; excessively, &c.
Many, much, plenty.

Perfecting, finishing; refining; adorning.
An inborn power or faculty; instinct.
Influence, impress (of nurture).
A concept, idea.
(Hinduism) Any of various essential sanctifying or purificatory rites (as the first taking of solid food, investiture with the sacred thread, marriage and funeral rites).
(Bābā) Impression or imprint of the state of mind. There are the innate saṅskār, inherent to the soul and the acquired saṅskār. When the soul does an action, an acquired saṅskār is formed. This saṅskār then incites us to the same action (with the same state of mind) in similar circumstances for example. Character traits are saṅskār. These saṅskār are part of the soul and not the body as many believe. They therefore accumulate over several lives.

Heart, courage, spirit, will.

All, the whole, whole, entire, complete, universal.

Interrogative adjective and pronoun : which.

Ended, completed, concluded.

Present, existing; current.
The present.

Each, every.
Each one, everybody.

Sometime, ever.

(emphatic form of vah) That very, that very one.

To pass.

Genitive case of vah : of him, of her, of that, his, her.

Life, animation, existence.

To be contained, to enter, to fit, to permeate.

With, along with, in the company of, in company with, in connection with.
We will replace kē with a possessive pronoun mērē (mine), tērē (yours), etc. to say "with me", "with you".

In front of, ahead of, before.

Master.

Distant, remote.
Removed (as a difficulty).
(prefix) Distant; tele-.
Far, far off.
Distance, remoteness.

A day (comprised of twenty-four hours from sunrise to sunrise).
A day (extending from sunrise to sunset), daytime.
Time(s).

Finished, ended, concluded, terminated, completed.

Love, affection, amour, amorous relationship.

Courage, boldness.

Intoxication, drunkenness.

Action (with its fruit, and implications of merit); an act, deed.
(moral) duty or obligation.
A religious observance, action or rite (as sacrifice, ablution, funeral obsequies).
Fate (as the consequence of previous acts); fortune, lot.
Result, effect.

I. (personal pronoun)

Either, or (usually repeated).
चाहे ... चाहे, either ... or; whether ... or.

A little, some, meagre, scanty.
Short.

Place, spot, site.

In.

Ahead, in front of, before; in future.

Small, little, short, young, petty, subordinate, junior, insignificant.

Otherwise, or else, if not, lest, but for.
No, certainly not.

Work, task, job, employment, performance, function.

Passion, lust.
Desire.

A postposition denoting the subject (ergative case that is to say with a past participle).

Then, again, afterwards, thereafter, in future, a second time.

Where, wherever.

To put, to place, to keep, to possess, to have, to employ, to appoint.

Position, situation, state, condition, stage, phase.

The act of accomplishing, or achieving, processing.
An accomplishment, achievement, solution, realization.
Means, medium; expedient.
Appliance(s), equipment, device, an implement.
Resource(s).
(bābā) Material things, comforts, facilities.

Side, direction.
Towards.

interrogative pronoun. Who

Today.

First, first of all, in the beginning, in olden times, originally, before, beforehand.

To engage, to employ.
To attach, to join, to connect.
To plant.
To apply.
To affix.
To make someone hang around.
To levy.
To touch.
To invest.
To paste, to stick.
To set, to fix.
To shut, to close.
To keep.
To backbite.
To inflame.
To add.

To turn.
To wander, to ramble, to walk about, to go round.

Then, at that time, afterwards, thereupon, therefore, hence.

Second.

Human effort or exertion; valour; industry.
An object of human pursuit.
(Hinduism) The four basic aims of human existence (viz. dharm discharge of duty; arth acquirement of wealth; kām gratification of desire; mokṣha final emancipation).
(Bābā) The effort made by the soul to attain perfection.
(Bābā) Spiritual effort. The effort made for the sake (arth) of development of the soul (puruṣh). This effort includes the steps we take for attaining the perfect state of our original and eternal self.

Action, act, activity.
Work, task, duty, function, role.
Occupation.
Business, matter (in hand), agenda.

Big, large, great, huge, important, commodious, expansive.
Noble, reputed.
Elder, elderly, senior.
Grown up.
Rich.
adv. Very, exceedingly.

Second.
Other, another.
Next.

Remembrance, recollection, memory.

A man.
People, public.
Placed after the pronoun ham (we), tum (you or you) or āp (you) grammatically plural to remove ambiguity on the number of people (at least 2 people)

Why.

Many, much.
Very.

As much as this, this much; so much, so many.

To hear, to listen, to pay heed.
Hearing, audition.

Because, since.

Not (subjunctive or imperative).
Na .. na, Neither .. nor.
Repetitive Compounds of indefinite Pronouns, and of Adverbs formed from them are made by placing the Negative particle between the two words. These Compounds have a pronounced indefinite force. (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi - Appendice III 5-j)

For, for the sake of.

To, upto, till, until, by.

(Relative pronoun) When.

To cause to hear, to relate, to read out, to recite, to pronounce.

To cause to be done, cause to be made; to actuate, effect, make; to perform (sacrifice, etc.), to assist.

(interrogative) How much, how many.
(exclamative) So, so much, so many.

Shape, form.
Appearance.
Character, nature.
(Hinduism) Form assumed by a deity, or by the ultimate being; image, idol.
Of the same nature or character; similar.
(suffix) Having the nature or character (of), by way of, as, amounting to.
(Bābā) Form assumed by the soul; image.

Anyone, someone, any.

As much as, as many, how much, however much.

Something; anything.
A little, some.
fig. sthg. particular.
Some; any.
A few.
Somewhat, a little, at all.

A matter, topic, subject, concern, fact, thing.

On this account, for this reason, hence, therefore.

Rūp, the one who smiles while making the flowers of virtues emerge from his lips. He is the embodiment of Yoga.
Form, shape, appearance, aspect, image, beauty, good looks, mould, type.

To wish, to want, to like, to love, to be fond of, to crave for, to desire, to require.

Continue.

To meet, to encounter, to be mixed, to be mingled, to unite, to merge, to tally, to conform, to obtain, to get, to acquire, to be acquired, to beget, to embrace, to form an alliance.

If, if so be, in case, in the event of.

Or, either.

Emphatic form of yah: this very.

Bāp and Dādā.
The Father Śhiv and the elder brother Brahmā,
The father Brahmā and the Grandfather Śhiv.

Power, strength, potency, energy.
Name of the goddess personifying divine power.
The energy or active power of a deity personified as his wife (as Gaurī of Śhiv, Lakṣhmī of viṣhṇu, &c.)
(Brahma kumaris) Sister, mother.
Śhiv Śhakti, the powers of Śhiv. In Bhakti they are portrayed as goddesses sitting on a lion, swan, lotus etc. They are symbolic of the victory over vices (demons). As power of Śhiv, brothers are Śhiv Śhakti too.

To understand.

To can, to be able to.

Child, kid, baby, infant.
Inexperienced, raw, of unripe age.

You (to a superior, a stranger, his father).
(reflective pronoun) Self, himself, oneself, yourself, themselves...

Special, specific, particular, distinctive, characteristic, typical.

Emphatic particle at the end of the sentence: no?, isn't it?
No.

To see, to look, to view, to perceive, to observe.
To consider.
To experience.

Some, any, someone, anyone.

Time.
Period.
Times, timings.
Occasion.
Leisure.
A convention.

To take.

To give.

One, 1, a, single, alone.
The number one.
The One, the Number One. God. There is only one God (Supreme Being) but many gods and goddesses (golden age deities).

Say.

पर denotes :

  • Location or position on or upon or at something.
  • Point of time at which an action takes place.
  • Sequence of actions of happenings.
  • Cause or reason.
  • Objects of (compound) Verbs signifying mercy, faith, confidence, anger etc.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

All, entire, whole, total.
Every.
All people, everybody, the whole.

Opposite, inimical, other, alien, higher.

But, but still, on the other hand, however, notwithstanding, nevertheless, yet.

Father.

Similar to, like, resembling, as, such as.

To make, to construct, to compose, to build, to prepare, to make ready, to form.
To pull somebody's leg, to patch up, to develop a good equation with.
To befool.

Now.

Good.
Well.
All right, well done.
So long.

Interrogative pronoun What? for an open question.
Interrogative adjective What?, Which? (if followed by a name).
Interrogative pronoun for a closed question (yes/no type).

To come.

The soul, the spirit, the self.

Not manifest, not apparent, imperceptible, indistinct.

To go, to depart, to lose, to flow.

That (to report indirect speech, example he says that).

Always, perpetually, continually, ever.

(Hinduism) Sacred syllable symbolising God Almighty.
Sacred syllable symbolising the almighty soul in general. (Hindus confuse the soul and the Supreme Soul)
I am.
Me the soul.

Reflexive possessive pronoun and adjective : my, mine, myself, your, yours, yourself, etc.

A suffix denoting an agent, doer, owner, possessor, keeper or inhabitant : the one of, the one with, the one who.

To become, be, change, belong (with a possessive pronoun or a noun in the genitive case).

Peace, calmness, quiet, tranquillity, quietude, silence.

To remain, to stay.

Such, of this type.

3rd person personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun or determiner in a close context : he, she, this (also they, these).

Relative pronoun (without distinction of gender or number): who, that, which, what. Can be coupled with vah creating an identity relationship between the two terms of two propositions in the sentence.

No.
Not.

Third person personal pronoun: he, she, it (and also they).
Distant demonstrative pronoun and adjective: that (and also those).

And.
Else.
Other.

Then, therefore, moreover.
An emphatic particle (e.g. मैं तो जाऊँगा).
At any rate, however, at least.

The letter K of our alphabet (used as an initial in acronyms).

Key.

Emphatic particle with a sense of exclusion : only.

To be.
To happen, to occur.
To exist.
To be born.

का denotes one of the under-mentioned relations between a Noun or a Pronoun and another Noun which follows the former. If the Noun that follows is Feminine (singular or plural), का changes to की; if it is Masculine and Plural, or has an oblique form, का changes to के.

  • Possession and relationship.
  • Material or composition.
  • Worth and measure (space or time).
  • Source, origin, cause.
  • Subject (doer of an act).
  • Object (of an activity).
  • Part of a whole.
  • Purpose.
  • Characteristic.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

To do.
Also used after a transitive English verb to conjugate.

में is used for denoting :

  • Location or presence (of something) in or within something.
  • Duration.
  • Price.
  • Comparison with reference to more than two, or difference.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

Inclusive emphatic particle: too, also, even.

को is used for denoting:

  • A Person who 'does' something involuntarily (such as—like, dislike, remember, be injured, be offended, suffer, feel, enjoy, receive, happen, to have, to meet, to know, to see or to hear, or to do something under compulsion, requirement, necessity, obligation, etc.).
  • An Animate Object, provided it denotes a particular being.
  • The object of a Verb in the Neutral Construction.
  • Every Secondary Object (which is usually animate).
  • The Object of a Verb requiring a predicative word (referring to the object).
  • Nouns denoting time when used adverbially.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

से is used for denoting :

  • The Subject of a Verb in the passive and impersonal voices.
  • The indirect Objects (which are usually persons) of the Verbs meaning 'to tell, say, ask, ask for, beg, demand, claim, request’.
  • Means, instrument or agency.
  • Manner.
  • Cause, reason, origin.
  • Association, antagonism.
  • Separation or keeping away from.
  • Starting point (place or time).
  • Duration (with reference to a continuous 'action' of present or past).
  • Difference and comparison between two persons or things.
    (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)