मम्मा की मुरली - 110

To be.
To happen, to occur.
To exist.
To be born.

Then, therefore, moreover.
An emphatic particle (e.g. मैं तो जाऊँगा).
At any rate, however, at least.

Third person personal pronoun: he, she, it (and also they).
Distant demonstrative pronoun and adjective: that (and also those).

का denotes one of the under-mentioned relations between a Noun or a Pronoun and another Noun which follows the former. If the Noun that follows is Feminine (singular or plural), का changes to की; if it is Masculine and Plural, or has an oblique form, का changes to के.

• Possession and relationship.
• Material or composition.
• Worth and measure (space or time).
• Source, origin, cause.
• Subject (doer of an act).
• Object (of an activity).
• Part of a whole.
• Purpose.
• Characteristic.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

To do.
Also used after a transitive English verb to conjugate.

We.
(rustic form) I.

3rd person personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun or determiner in a close context : he, she, this (also they, these).

में is used for denoting :

• Location or presence (of something) in or within something.
• Duration.
• Price.
• Comparison with reference to more than two, or difference.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

Emphatic particle at the end of the sentence: no?, isn't it?
No.

से is used for denoting :

• The Subject of a Verb in the passive and impersonal voices.
• The indirect Objects (which are usually persons) of the Verbs meaning 'to tell, say, ask, ask for, beg, demand, claim, request’.
• Means, instrument or agency.
• Manner.
• Cause, reason, origin.
• Association, antagonism.
• Separation or keeping away from.
• Starting point (place or time).
• Duration (with reference to a continuous 'action' of present or past).
• Difference and comparison between two persons or things.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

Reflexive possessive pronoun and adjective : my, mine, myself, your, yours, yourself, etc.

Relative pronoun (without distinction of gender or number): who, that, which, what. Can be coupled with vah creating an identity relationship between the two terms of two propositions in the sentence.

Say.

को is used for denoting:

• A Person who 'does' something involuntarily (such as—like, dislike, remember, be injured, be offended, suffer, feel, enjoy, receive, happen, to have, to meet, to know, to see or to hear, or to do something under compulsion, requirement, necessity, obligation, etc.).
• An Animate Object, provided it denotes a particular being.
• The object of a Verb in the Neutral Construction.
• Every Secondary Object (which is usually animate).
• The Object of a Verb requiring a predicative word (referring to the object).
• Nouns denoting time when used adverbially.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

Emphatic particle with a sense of exclusion : only.

No.
Not.

Now.

Inclusive emphatic particle: too, also, even.

The letter K of our alphabet (used as an initial in acronyms).

That (to report indirect speech, example he says that).

Then, again, afterwards, thereafter, in future, a second time.

To turn.
To wander, to ramble, to walk about, to go round.

And.
Else.
Other.

To change, to alter, to replace.
To convert, to be converted.
To go back (on one's word).

To come.

To see, to look, to view, to perceive, to observe.
To consider.
To experience.

To remain, to stay.

To hear, to listen, to pay heed.
Hearing, audition.

Key.

Interrogative pronoun What? for an open question.
Interrogative adjective What?, Which? (if followed by a name).
Interrogative pronoun for a closed question (yes/no type).

To put, to place, to keep, to possess, to have, to employ, to appoint.

Such, of this type.

Continue.

To go, to depart, to lose, to flow.

Exaltation, greatness, grandeur, glory, dignity, majesty, importance.

Practical.

The soul, the spirit, the self.

To become, be, change, belong (with a possessive pronoun or a noun in the genitive case).

(interrogative adjective and adverb of manner) What-like, what sort of, what kind or manner of, in what manner, how, by what means.

To (treat as one's) own.
To adopt.
To appropriate.

To make, to construct, to compose, to build, to prepare, to make ready, to form.
To pull somebody's leg, to patch up, to develop a good equation with.
To befool.

Practice.

All, the whole, whole, entire, complete, universal.

Father.

For, for the sake of.

Some, any, someone, anyone.

Many, much.
Very.

A day (comprised of twenty-four hours from sunrise to sunrise).
A day (extending from sunrise to sunset), daytime.
Time(s).

Duty.
To be done, to be accomplished.

All, entire, whole, total.
Every.
All people, everybody, the whole.

A little, some, meagre, scanty.
Short.

Good.
Well.
All right, well done.
So long.

Because, since.

A matter, topic, subject, concern, fact, thing.

Similar to, like, resembling, as, such as.

Something; anything.
A little, some.
fig. sthg. particular.
Some; any.
A few.
Somewhat, a little, at all.

A man, a human being.

To understand.

A suffix denoting an agent, doer, owner, possessor, keeper or inhabitant : the one of, the one with, the one who.

'not so', Do not believe.

Or.
That is.

(Relative pronoun) When.

First, first of all, in the beginning, in olden times, originally, before, beforehand.

A flower.
The tassel of a rosary (a decoration, consisting of a bunch of hanging threads tied tightly at one end and loose at the other end).

High, lofty, tall, raised, elevated, exalted, eminent.

Deformation, defilement.
Change or variation (for the worse).
Deviation from a natural state, perversion, disorder.
(Bābā) Vice (Sex lust, Anger, Greed, Attachment and Ego).

Or, either.

If, if so be, in case, in the event of.

To give.

One, 1, a, single, alone.
The number one.
The One, the Number One. God. There is only one God (Supreme Being) but many gods and goddesses (golden age deities).

To sing, to chant.
A song.

To investigate, to verify, to test, to evaluate.

Action (with its fruit, and implications of merit); an act, deed.
(moral) duty or obligation.
A religious observance, action or rite (as sacrifice, ablution, funeral obsequies).
Fate (as the consequence of previous acts); fortune, lot.
Result, effect.

An idea, thought.
View, opinion.
One of the principal forms of modern Hindustani classical vocal music.

But if.., but, nevertheless.

Remaining, left over, remainder, balance, arrears, subtraction.

Enough.
Ample, very much, too much.
And so; in short, in a word.
Only, merely.
Enough! stop! that's all! that'll do!

To be left behind or out, to lag.
To be dismissed, discharged or released.
To get rid of.
To be abandoned.

Thing, article, item, object; commodity; ornament.
A thing of value, a valuable, a precious thing.

A god, deity, divine being. (does not apply to God)

World.
The present world, the present life or state of existence.
The people of this world, people.
Worldly enjoyments or blessings, worldly goods, the good things of this life, wealth, riches.

To know, to become aware of, to perceive.

To eat, to feed on, to consume, to swallow, to take.
to get, to receive.
To feel, to suffer, to endure.
Eating, food, meal, dinner.

To take.

For, with a view to, for the sake of, on account of.
Taking, carrying, bearing.

To meet, to encounter, to be mixed, to be mingled, to unite, to merge, to tally, to conform, to obtain, to get, to acquire, to be acquired, to beget, to embrace, to form an alliance.

Clean, clear, neat, pure, transparent.

Today.

Second.
Other, another.
Next.

Examination, trial, assay, proof.
Appraisement, estimate.
Proximate valuation.

interrogative pronoun. Who

Ledger or day-book, account-book, waste-book.
Daily account, account-current.

A postposition denoting the subject (ergative case that is to say with a past participle).

To come out, to get out, to emerge, to rise, to ooze out, to proceed, to emanate, to appear, to be extracted, to be deduced, to be solved, to issue or be issued, to be published, to slink away.

(genitive case of sab) Of everyone.

To sleep.

Creation.
The world.

Etcetera.
Beginning.
Early, initial, primordial.

Child, kid, baby, infant.
Inexperienced, raw, of unripe age.

Strength, power, force.
Army.
Potency, vigour, vitality.
Emphasis, stress.

Gentle, noble, good.
Well-being; good.

To be angry, to be enraged, to lose temper.
To be spoilt, to be damaged, to deteriorate, to be wasted.
To follow a wrong path, to go astray, to develop bad habits or bad character; to be spoilt due to extravagance.
To be on bad terms.
To go out of order.

To wish, to want, to like, to love, to be fond of, to crave for, to desire, to require.

College.

To bear.
To possess.
To wear.
To assume.
To seize, retain.
To draw, to absorb, &c.

Advantage, gain, profit, benefit, utility, use, good result.

Follow.

Yes, yea.

Work, task, job, employment, performance, function.

Passion, lust.
Desire.

Sweet-smelling, fragrant, odoriferous, aromatic.

But, but still, on the other hand, however, notwithstanding, nevertheless, yet.

(prefix) Great, illustrious.
Mighty, strong, big, large, ample, excessive, grievous.
Very, extremely, very much.

I. (personal pronoun)

Not (subjunctive or imperative).
Na .. na, Neither .. nor.
Repetitive Compounds of indefinite Pronouns, and of Adverbs formed from them are made by placing the Negative particle between the two words. These Compounds have a pronounced indefinite force. (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi - Appendice III 5-j)

Otherwise, or else, if not, lest, but for.
No, certainly not.

Loss, damage, harm, disadvantage.

Night.

(Causative of samajhnā) To persuade, explain.

Perfecting, finishing; refining; adorning.
An inborn power or faculty; instinct.
Influence, impress (of nurture).
A concept, idea.
(Hinduism) Any of various essential sanctifying or purificatory rites (as the first taking of solid food, investiture with the sacred thread, marriage and funeral rites).
(Bābā) Impression or imprint of the state of mind. There are the innate saṅskār, inherent to the soul and the acquired saṅskār. When the soul does an action, an acquired saṅskār is formed. This saṅskār then incites us to the same action (with the same state of mind) in similar circumstances for example. Character traits are saṅskār. These saṅskār are part of the soul and not the body as many believe. They therefore accumulate over several lives.

Giving happiness, giving ease, pleasant, comforting.

Then, at that time, afterwards, thereupon, therefore, hence.

Real state or nature; essence.
(Hinduism) The supreme spirit.
One of the five traditionally distinguished elementary substances (ether, air, fire, water, earth).
(chemistry) An element.
A basic principle; an axiom.
An element, aspect or factor (in a system).
(Vedanta philosophy) The real nature of the human soul (as identical with the all-pervading supreme spirit (false concept)).

Genitive case of vah : of him, of her, of that, his, her.

Base, basis, foundation.
(sindhi) A support, prop, dependence.
(Bābā) Support.

Ahead, in front of, before; in future.

That is, that is to say, namely (viz.).

To sit, to squat, to occupy a seat, to settle, to board, to mount.

Without, exclusive of, wanting, except (it may often be conveniently rendered by the Eng. neg. prefixes un-, in, or by the affix -less).

To pass, elapse, expire (as time).
To come to pass, take place, occur, happen, befall, arrive.
To undergo, suffer, endure.

To go up, to ascend, to climb, to rise, to increase.

Chart.
(Bābā) Questionnaire to assess purūṣhārth (spiritual effort).
(Bābā) The journal of remembrance where one counts the times of remembrance.

Daily routine.
Daily observance of bk rules throughout the day.

To pain, to ache, to smart, to throb.
To feel pity or compassion (for).
To feel compunction or remorse.

Difference, distinction, distance.

Knowledge directly taught by God.

To cause to be done, cause to be made; to actuate, effect, make; to perform (sacrifice, etc.), to assist.

(interrogative) How much, how many.
(exclamative) So, so much, so many.

Creation of human beings.
Human world.

But, however.

Account book, diary, daily account book.
(Bābā) Daily account book of the soul of all that is done by mind, word and action.

A day.
Everyday, daily.

(superlative) Of all, the most.

Company, association, contact.

Careful, alert, cautious, attentive.

Stage.
(Bābā) State, condition.

Body.

'path'. Manner (of acting), practice, method.
Custom, usage, system (of procedure).
Manner, style (as of life).

To raise, to lift up.
To wake up.
To rent out.
To bear.
To remove.

There.

Effort, endeavour.
Attempt.
Care.

Someone else, anyone else.

Authority.

Limitless, unlimited, unbounded.
Excessive, too, too much.

Burden, load.

Either, or (usually repeated).
चाहे ... चाहे, either ... or; whether ... or.

Change.

To leave.
To abandon.
To release.

A paternal grandfather.
An elder brother; a term of veneration or respect addressed to Brāhmans.

To put in, to pour, to drop, to thrust.

Giving, bestowing, imparting, liberal, generous.
Giver, donor, benefactor.
The Giver of all things, God.

Wealth, riches, money.

Holding, bearing, carrying, keeping, wearing.
Upholding, maintaining, sustaining, preserving.
Possessing, having, assuming.
Knowing, acquiring.
Undertaking.

Doctor.

The medical profession, medicine.

Sorrow, unhappiness, suffering, grief, distress.

Golden aged.

Good morning.

A rose.

On this account, for this reason, hence, therefore.

Whatever, whatsoever, anything.

More, -er (also used in comparatives and superlatives).
Additional; superfluous, redundant; too much, excessive.
Superfluously; excessively, &c.
Many, much, plenty.

Cautious, watchful.

Anger, wrath, fury, rage.

To engage, to employ.
To attach, to join, to connect.
To plant.
To apply.
To affix.
To make someone hang around.
To levy.
To touch.
To invest.
To paste, to stick.
To set, to fix.
To shut, to close.
To keep.
To backbite.
To inflame.
To add.

Experienced, felt, perceived.

The instinctive mind that creates thoughts according to its desires or aversions. Faculty of human beings shared with animals and small children.
Thought in the form of desire or aversion.

To be effaced, to be erased.
To be ruined, to be undone, to be destructed.

Flute, pipe.
(Bābā) The words of God, the instrument to enchant us, to make us dance in happiness in the company of the Supreme Being, the Beloved Being.

To reach, to arrive.

पर denotes :

• Location or position on or upon or at something.
• Point of time at which an action takes place.
• Sequence of actions of happenings.
• Cause or reason.
• Objects of (compound) Verbs signifying mercy, faith, confidence, anger etc.
  (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)

Opposite, inimical, other, alien, higher.

Supreme Soul : Śiv and not Brahmā.

Change, alteration, variation.
Exchange (of objects, goods); conversion (of funds, currency).
Transformation.

To fall, to fall down, to drop.
To lie (down).
To occur, to befall.
To be involved; to be hit.
(Following the uninflected infinitive of another verb, paṛnā, like honā, signifies 'have to,' 'must'; e.g. usko jāne paṛā, 'he had to go'; — annexed to the base of some neuter verbs it forms intensives, as gir-paṛnā, 'to fall down'; — annexed to the base of a transitive verb it has generally the sense of honā, as dekh paṛnā, 'to be seen,' 'to become visible').

Holy, sacred, pure.

Behind, on the back side of.
After, afterwards.
Backwards.
In the absence of.

Hind, rear, hinder.
Back, back portion/part.
Latter, past, last.

Original form or state.
Nature, character, temperament.
Nature, the natural world.
(philosophy) A force or principle evolving the material world.

To enquire, to ask, to investigate, to interrogate, to question.

Complete, all, whole, entire, full, gross, total, thorough, adequate.
Sufficiency, adequacy.

To make stay, to make remain.

Relation.

Salvation, assignment to a better abode in the post-death existence.
(Bābā) Fruit, the same as jeevanmukti. It is therefore Salvation, life in the golden age but at the same time this Salvation is quantified by the measure of the efforts made today (which gives the future position of king, subject, servant).

To can, to be able to.

Whole, entire, complete, perfect.

Cycle of births or states, transmigration.
The world, the universe.
Life in this world, worldly concerns, illusion as to worldly reality.
(Bābā) The corporeal world in which one reincarnates.

Body.

All ; whole, entire, complete.

To cause to hear, to relate, to read out, to recite, to pronounce.

You (between equals).

The inheritance. What our father leaves behind after he leaves.

Variable, changeable (for the worse), undergoing change, changed.
Harmful (as to health).
Perverse.
(grammar) Oblique.
(Bābā) Vicious (having one of the 5 vices: sexual desire, anger, greed, attachment and ego).

Remembrance, recollection, memory.

To think of, to remember, recollect, call to mind.
To commit to memory.
(Bābā) To remember (by making an effort). It is a function of the higher mind (buddhi).

Here, hither, in/at this place.

Emphatic form of yah: this very.

Governor, ruler, minister, functionary, official, officer, (and generally) one invested with power or authority.
Proprietor, owner, master, heir.
Agent, deputy; one who possesses a right, title, or privilege.

A man, human being.

Letter of the alphabet, character, syllable (in Hindi, each character is a syllable).
Word.

According to, in conformity with.

You (to a superior, a stranger, his father).
(reflective pronoun) Self, himself, oneself, yourself, themselves...

Attention.

Father.

To change, to modify, to transform.

In exchange, in return, in lieu.

Change, exchange, barter, transfer, substitution, stead, lieu, person or thing taken in exchange for another, substitute, relief (of a watch).

The Father says.

Big, large, great, huge, important, commodious, expansive.
Noble, reputed.
Elder, elderly, senior.
Grown up.
Rich.
adv. Very, exceedingly.

To increase, to multiply.
To extend, to raise.
To cause to progress, to cause to grow, to cause to prosper.
To advance.
To magnify.
To exaggerate.
To push ahead.
To extinguish (as a lamp).
To close (as a shop).

To be.

perf. part. & past tense, Came to be, became, took place, occurred ( = huʼī, from honā).

Brother.

The path of Bhakti, the path of devotion (one of the three paths prescribed for the achievement of human salvation; the other two being gyān and yōg).
(Bābā) All paths aspiring to liberation other than that the path God teaches. (which therefore fail in the liberation of the soul).

To be liked.
To be agreeable, to be pleasing, to be appealing.

To fill, to refill.

Bad.
Wicked, evil.
Ill.
Mis-
Faulty, defective.

Small, little, short, young, petty, subordinate, junior, insignificant.

Class.

Donation, charity, alms, a religious gift (in cash or kind).
A suffix used to denote a stand, container or pot etc.

Level.
Social or official rank.
College degree.

To become a divinity.

Manner, method, mode, way.
Demeanour.
Tact.

Inculcation of the knowledge and virtues of the Supreme in our practical life.

Attention, heed.
Meditation, contemplation.
Concentration of mind.
(Bābā) Attention, concentration.
(Bābā) Trance, trance vision.

Showing (one self, itself, &c.), coming in sight, appearance; exhibition, show, display.

Two, 2.

Sorrowful, sad, unhappy, grief-stricken, afflicted, woeful.

By, through, through the medium of, through the agency of, by means of, with.

In a breath, in a moment; (all) at once; immediately.
Quite, completely.

To follow the Father (there is no article in hindi).

Motion, movement.
Speed.
State, condition, plight.
Shape, appearance.
Access, approach, pass.
Destiny, salvation.

To fall.

Arithmetic, account, calculation, rate.
Manner, custom.
(Bābā) Account.

Here, hither, on this side, this way.

Impurity.

In.

Pertaining to deity, divine, godlike.
(Bābā) Of Īśvar, of God.

Where, wherever.

Collected, deposited.
Deposit, credit, accumulation, sum-total.

To freeze, to solidify, to make firm, to harden, to make coagulate.
To establish, to settle.
To make sit for a long time.
To fix.
To make take root.
To make effective.

To freeze, to solidify, to become firm or hard, to clot.
To be established, to be settled, to settle, to have a prolonged sitting, to sit for long, to be fixed, to take root.
To be effective.

Tree, bush.

As much as, as many, how much, however much.

To add, to sum up.
To link, to unite, to connect, to attach, to bind.
To collect, to accumulate, to assemble.
To weld.
To cement.
To set (a bone etc.).
To save up.

Several, sundry, divers, some, some few.

Art, craft, skill.
A sixteenth part (of anything).
A digit or one sixteenth of the moon's diameter (allowing you to distinguish the phases of the moon).
(Bābā) One-sixteenth of the full spiritual light.

Reason, cause.
Agency, instrument.
For the reason, because (of, -ke), on account (of), for the sake (of), &c.

Interrogative adjective and pronoun : which.

Near to.
Belonging to (genitive marker).
To have (used with the verb hōnā to be).

On, upon.
Above.

To open.
To be uncovered.
To be untied.
To start.
To clear.

Welfare.

Fragrance, perfume, odour.

Why.

Secular, earthly, worldly, mundane.

Greed, avarice, covetousness.
Temptation, lure.

A man.
People, public.
Placed after the pronoun ham (we), tum (you or you) or āp (you) grammatically plural to remove ambiguity on the number of people (at least 2 people)

Mother.

(Hinduism) 'The forest of the demon Madhu,' near the Yamuna river (where Śhatru-ghna, after killing Lavaṇa, son of Madhu, founded the city of Madhurā or Mathurā, the city where Kr̥iṣhṇa was born, where God was incarnated).
(Bābā) Place where the seat of the Brahma Kumaris is located where the Supreme Being has descended on numerous occasions (in the body of Brahmā, then of Dadi Gulzar).

Known.
Evident, apparent.

Way, path, route, course, road, track, passage, outlet.

Mother.
An affectionate or respectful term of address to a woman.
The small-pox (so named from the goddess Devī; cf. sītalā).

Pleasure, relish, savour, taste, flavour, fun, jollity.

Labour, hard work, toil.
Industry, application.
Exercise.

Minute.

Sweet, pleasant.
Sweetmeat, jaggery.

Sweet children.

Illusion; ignorance; affection; infatuation; fascination; spell.
(in philos.) darkness or delusion of mind preventing the discernment of truth (leading men to believe in the reality of worldly objects, and to addict themselves to mundane or sensual enjoyment).
(sindhi) Affection, attachment, love, charm, fascination, allurement.

Remember Me.

Face, pretty face.

Principal, chief, main, salient, staple, leading, capital, cardinal, pre-eminent, predominant.

Cost, price, worth, value.

Unchanged, without defect, changeless (as the ultimate being).
(Bābā) Viceless, without defect.

Note.

5, five.
An arbitrator or a body of arbiters or jury.
The headman of a caste or village.

Study, education, learning.

To teach, to instruct, to educate.

Address, whereabouts, information, knowledge.

A royal edict, royal command, royal decree.

Father, procreator, progenitor.

Position.

Life.
Vital breath, vital air.
Vitality.
Soul, spirit.
Sweetheart.
(in Gram.) Aspiration in the articulation of letters.

Early morning, dawn, in the morning, early, at dawn.

Towards.

Mentality.
Trend, tendency.
inclination, disposition.
Instinct.
Activity.
(Bābā) Household.

To call.
To cry out.
To call for help.
To exclaim, to proclaim.

Good, virtue, right, moral or religious merit.
Good deed, righteous action.
Sacred, holy, virtuous, righteous.

To purify.

Love, affection, amour, amorous relationship.

Light, brightness, splendour; illumination.
Brightness or clearness (of vision), sight (of the eye).
A lamp kept burning at a Moḥammadan tomb or shrine.

The Giver of sadgati: The one who bestows Salvation, a better abode in the post-death existence.
(Bābā) The one who bestows Salvation or Fruit (the reward of the golden age world).

Understanding, mental grasp, intelligence, sense, judgment.
Mind; opinion, view.

Time.
Period.
Times, timings.
Occasion.
Leisure.
A convention.

Connection, relationship.

To pull (oneself) together, to be alert, to be supported, to save from a fall, to upstay, to be cautious.

Peace, calmness, quiet, tranquillity, quietude, silence.

Clean, clear, undefiled.
Plain, frank, categorical, forthright, straightforward.
Processed, refined.
Distinct.
Unscathed.
Openly, frankly, plainly, fully, clearly, cleverly.

A tractable or dutiful son, a good or worthy son.

Who wears or possesses a body.
Wearer, possessor or holder of a body.

All qualities.
Possessing all qualities (an epithet of the deity).

With, together, along with.
Company, association.

School.

Straight, simple, right, direct, forthrightly.
Erect, upright.
Gentle, naive, good.

Head.
Top, apex, highest part or point.

Sixteen, 16.

Gold, an excellent thing.

To reform, to repair, to mend, to amend, to improve, to uplift, to correct.

Happiness, pleasure, comfort, felicity, contentment.

Cleanliness. neatness, purity, transparence.

A dream.

Paradise, heaven, abode of gods : Earth or Bharat in the Golden Age.

Power, force, strength, might.

Tamopradhan state.

A date.
An appointed day.
History.

Right, correct, exact, proper, true.
All right; precisely, accurately.

Some, somewhat, a little.

Time.

To break, to be broken, to be fractured, to be shattered.
To have twitching pain.
To be on the wane.
To be dissolved.
To fail.

There, thither, on that side, that way, away.

Power, control, subjugation.
(suffix) Because of, out of ; obliged by, compelled by.

Device.
Means.
Tactics, artifice, manoeuvre.
Skill.
Argument, plea.

Certainly, undoubtedly, positively, without fail.

Strength, force, power.
Stress, strain.
Emphasis.
Support.
Influence.