Daily Murli for Wednesday 21 June 2023
Words are sorted according to their frequency (number of times the word occurs in the murli). This frequency appears in parentheses.
होना hōnā (123)
To be.
To happen, to occur.
To exist.
To be born.
का kā (80)
का denotes one of the under-mentioned relations between a Noun or a Pronoun and another Noun which follows the former. If the Noun that follows is Feminine (singular or plural), का changes to की; if it is Masculine and Plural, or has an oblique form, का changes to के.
- Possession and relationship.
- Material or composition.
- Worth and measure (space or time).
- Source, origin, cause.
- Subject (doer of an act).
- Object (of an activity).
- Part of a whole.
- Purpose.
- Characteristic.
(A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)
तो tō (65)
Then, therefore, moreover.
An emphatic particle (e.g. मैं तो जाऊँगा).
At any rate, however, at least.
आना ānā (47)
To come.
करना karnā (44)
To do.
Also used after a transitive English verb to conjugate.
में mē̃ (44)
में is used for denoting :
- Location or presence (of something) in or within something.
- Duration.
- Price.
- Comparison with reference to more than two, or difference.
(A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)
तुम tum (43)
You (between equals).
यह yah (42)
3rd person personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun or determiner in a close context : he, she, this (also they, these).
से sē (40)
से is used for denoting :
- The Subject of a Verb in the passive and impersonal voices.
- The indirect Objects (which are usually persons) of the Verbs meaning 'to tell, say, ask, ask for, beg, demand, claim, request’.
- Means, instrument or agency.
- Manner.
- Cause, reason, origin.
- Association, antagonism.
- Separation or keeping away from.
- Starting point (place or time).
- Duration (with reference to a continuous 'action' of present or past).
- Difference and comparison between two persons or things.
(A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)
नहीं nahī̃ (38)
No.
Not.
वह vah (35)
Third person personal pronoun: he, she, it (and also they).
Distant demonstrative pronoun and adjective: that (and also those).
K (33)
The letter K of our alphabet (used as an initial in acronyms).
भी bhī (28)
Inclusive emphatic particle: too, also, even.
बाप bāp (25)
Father.
जो jō (22)
Relative pronoun (without distinction of gender or number): who, that, which, what. Can be coupled with vah creating an identity relationship between the two terms of two propositions in the sentence.
मिलना milnā (22)
To meet, to encounter, to be mixed, to be mingled, to unite, to merge, to tally, to conform, to obtain, to get, to acquire, to be acquired, to beget, to embrace, to form an alliance.
बनना bannā (19)
To become, be, change, belong (with a possessive pronoun or a noun in the genitive case).
खाना khānā (19)
To eat, to feed on, to consume, to swallow, to take.
to get, to receive.
To feel, to suffer, to endure.
Eating, food, meal, dinner.
रहना rahnā (19)
To remain, to stay.
लेना lēnā (18)
To take.
key (17)
Key.
को kō (17)
को is used for denoting:
- A Person who 'does' something involuntarily (such as—like, dislike, remember, be injured, be offended, suffer, feel, enjoy, receive, happen, to have, to meet, to know, to see or to hear, or to do something under compulsion, requirement, necessity, obligation, etc.).
- An Animate Object, provided it denotes a particular being.
- The object of a Verb in the Neutral Construction.
- Every Secondary Object (which is usually animate).
- The Object of a Verb requiring a predicative word (referring to the object).
- Nouns denoting time when used adverbially.
(A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)
अब ab (16)
Now.
कोई kōī (16)
Some, any, someone, anyone.
कहना kahnā (14)
Say.
पर par (14)
Opposite, inimical, other, alien, higher.
पर par (14)
पर denotes :
- Location or position on or upon or at something.
- Point of time at which an action takes place.
- Sequence of actions of happenings.
- Cause or reason.
- Objects of (compound) Verbs signifying mercy, faith, confidence, anger etc.
(A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi)
सब sab (14)
All, entire, whole, total.
Every.
All people, everybody, the whole.
बच्चा bachchā (13)
Child, kid, baby, infant.
Inexperienced, raw, of unripe age.
यहाँ yahā̃ (13)
Here, hither, in/at this place.
मात-पिता, माता-पिता māt-pitā, mātā-pitā (12)
Mother and father, parents.
Lord, master, protector.
और aur (11)
And.
Else.
Other.
बैठना baiṭhnā (11)
To sit, to squat, to occupy a seat, to settle, to board, to mount.
ही hī (11)
Emphatic particle with a sense of exclusion : only.
जाना jānā (11)
To go, to depart, to lose, to flow.
लिए liē (11)
For, with a view to, for the sake of, on account of.
Taking, carrying, bearing.
चलना chalnā (10)
Continue.
देश dēśh (10)
Country, land, native home, region, space.
कि ki (10)
That (to report indirect speech, example he says that).
मनुष्य manuṣhya (10)
A man, a human being.
स्वर्ग svarg (10)
Paradise, heaven, abode of gods : Earth or Bharat in the Golden Age.
न na (9)
Not (subjunctive or imperative).
Na .. na, Neither .. nor.
Repetitive Compounds of indefinite Pronouns, and of Adverbs formed from them are made by placing the Negative particle between the two words. These Compounds have a pronounced indefinite force. (A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi - Appendice III 5-j)
ना nā (9)
Emphatic particle at the end of the sentence: no?, isn't it?
No.
परन्तु parantu (9)
But, however.
पास pās (9)
pass (9)
To pass.
सकना saknā (9)
To can, to be able to.
वाला vālā (9)
A suffix denoting an agent, doer, owner, possessor, keeper or inhabitant : the one of, the one with, the one who.
ऐसा aisā (8)
Such, of this type.
बनाना banānā (8)
To make, to construct, to compose, to build, to prepare, to make ready, to form.
To pull somebody's leg, to patch up, to develop a good equation with.
To befool.
देखना dēkhnā (8)
To see, to look, to view, to perceive, to observe.
To consider.
To experience.
जैसा jaisā (8)
Similar to, like, resembling, as, such as.
जानना jānnā (8)
To know, to become aware of, to perceive.
समझना samajhnā (8)
To understand.
सतयुग satyug (8)
The first of the four yug of the universe according to Indian mythology. Satyug is said to be the best or golden period or age of creation.
आत्मा ātmā (7)
The soul, the spirit, the self.
घर ghar (7)
Home, house, residence, apartment, room.
Compartment.
Native place, homeland.
Office.
Square or cell (in a chess-board).
कौन kaun (7)
interrogative pronoun. Who
के लिए kē liē (7)
For, for the sake of.
कितना kitnā (7)
(interrogative) How much, how many.
(exclamative) So, so much, so many.
शिवबाबा śhivbābā (7)
The Father Śiv.
ज़रूर zarūr (7)
Certainly, undoubtedly, positively, without fail.
देना dēnā (6)
To give.
देवता dēvtā (6)
A god, deity, divine being. (does not apply to God)
ever healthy (6)
Ever healthy.
हम ham (6)
We.
(rustic form) I.
पराया parāyā (6)
Pertaining or belonging to another, not one's own, alien, foreign.
परवरिश parvariśh (6)
Fostering, rearing, breeding, patronizing.
Nourishment, nutrition.
Maintenance, support, protection, nurture, education.
Patronage.
पतित patit (6)
Fallen, depraved.
पावन pāvan (6)
Holy, sacred, immaculate, pure.
A suffix denoting one who or that which purifies.
सदा sadā (6)
Always, perpetually, continually, ever.
The Divine Kṛiṣhṇa.
श्रीमत śhrīmat (6)
The divine (śrī) doctrine containing the directions or opinions of God : the murlī.
सुनाना sunānā (6)
To cause to hear, to relate, to read out, to recite, to pronounce.
अनुभव anubhav (5)
Experience.
बाबा bābā (5)
Father.
ब्रह्मा brahmā (5)
(Hinduism) Brahmā or the Supreme Being regarded as a person, the first deity of the Hindū triad and the Creator of the World.
(Bābā) The first human being in which the Supreme Being descends to give the knowledge allowing us to free ourselves from our bonds of karma.
जन्म janm (5)
Birth, origin, genesis.
Life, existence.
कलियुग kaliyug (5)
The kali age, the iron age, the fourth and the last age of the universe according to the Hindu mythology.
(fig.) the age of vice.
क्योंकि kyōṅki (5)
Because, since.
पढ़ाना paṛhānā (5)
To teach, to instruct, to educate.
फिर phir (5)
Then, again, afterwards, thereafter, in future, a second time.
फिरना phirnā (5)
To turn.
To wander, to ramble, to walk about, to go round.
समझाना samjhānā (5)
(Causative of samajhnā) To persuade, explain.
वहां vahā̃ (5)
There.
आधा ādhā (4)
Half.
अपना apnā (4)
Reflexive possessive pronoun and adjective : my, mine, myself, your, yours, yourself, etc.
एक ēk (4)
One, 1, a, single, alone.
The number one.
The One, the Number One. God. There is only one God (Supreme Being) but many gods and goddesses (golden age deities).
गाना gānā (4)
To sing, to chant.
A song.
गायन gāyan (4)
गीता gītā (4)
(Hinduism) The Bhagvadgītā which contains the celebrated discourse of Lord Kr̥ṣṇa directed to Arjun, the stupefied hero of the Mahābhārat.
(Bābā) The true Gītā is the murlī.
ज्ञान gyān (4)
Knowledge directly taught by God.
हवा havā (4)
कल्प kalp (4)
(Hinduism) Great cosmological cycle of creation, where the material Universe is created, degrades and is annihilated during the kalpānta.
(Hinduism) Cosmological period of one day (half-day) of Brahmā, duration of a creation of the Universe, worth 1000 great eras [mahāyuga] (approximately 4.32 billion years); each kalpa consists of 14 eras of Manu [manvantara].
(Bābā) Great cosmological cycle of creation, where the material Universe is created in its state of maximum purity, degrades and is then destroyed and recreated (transformation and not annihilation).
(Bābā) cosmological period of one day (paradise for 2500 years) and one night (hell for 2500 years) of Brahmā, duration of a creation of the Universe, worth 5000 years.
कमाना kamānā (4)
To earn, to acquire, to get.
To accumulate, to save.
कौन सा kaun sā (4)
Interrogative adjective and pronoun : which.
मीठा mīṭhā (4)
Sweet, pleasant.
Sweetmeat, jaggery.
पड़ना paṛnā (4)
To fall, to fall down, to drop.
To lie (down).
To occur, to befall.
To be involved; to be hit.
(Following the uninflected infinitive of another verb, paṛnā, like honā, signifies 'have to,' 'must'; e.g. usko jāne paṛā, 'he had to go'; — annexed to the base of some neuter verbs it forms intensives, as gir-paṛnā, 'to fall down'; — annexed to the base of a transitive verb it has generally the sense of honā, as dekh paṛnā, 'to be seen,' 'to become visible').
पता patā (4)
Address, whereabouts, information, knowledge.
New or second birth.
The birth of new principles within, leading to a change of life and character, regeneration.
Future birth by transmigration, metempsychosis.
रचना rachnā (4)
रावण rāvaṇ (4)
The king of ancient Ceylon (Laṅkā) who kidnapped Rām's queen consort Sītā and later fought him and was killed, villain of the great epic Rāmāyaṇ.
A demonic person.
(Bābā) Ravan, a ten-headed demon-king, the ruler of Lanka. Symbolic of five vices in males and five vices in females.
सामने sāmnē (4)
शरीर śharīr (4)
Body.
तब tab (4)
Then, at that time, afterwards, thereupon, therefore, hence.
teacher (4)
Teacher.
तीर्थ tīrth (4)
A bathing place, a shrine or sacred place of pilgrimage (as Benares, &c.; especially particular spots along the course of sacred streams, as the Ganges, &c.). Pilgrimage.
वा vā (4)
Or.
वर्सा varsā (4)
The inheritance. What our father leaves behind after he leaves.
अच्छा achchhā (3)
Good.
Well.
All right, well done.
So long.
आदि ādi (3)
Etcetera.
Beginning.
Early, initial, primordial.
aim object (3)
Aim, object, objective, target.
अलग alag (3)
Different, separate, apart, distinct.
अपनाना apnānā (3)
To (treat as one's) own.
To adopt.
To appropriate.
अर्पण arpaṇ (3)
Delivering, entrusting, placing in or upon.
Presenting an offering.
An offering, sacrifice.
A gift.
A sum set apart for religious or charitable purposes.
Surrender(ing).
बच्ची bachchī (3)
A girl, a female child, baby or infant.
(feminine) Inexperienced, raw, of unripe age.
बहुत bahut (3)
Many, much.
Very.
बाकी bākī (3)
Remaining, left over, remainder, balance, arrears, subtraction.
बाकी bākī (3)
But if.., but, nevertheless.
बड़ा baṛā (3)
Big, large, great, huge, important, commodious, expansive.
Noble, reputed.
Elder, elderly, senior.
Grown up.
Rich.
adv. Very, exceedingly.
भगवान bhagvān (3)
Fortunate, prosperous, happy, glorious, illustrious, adorable, divine, worshipful.
(epithet) God, the Lord Almighty, the Supreme Being (Śhiv and not Viṣhṇu).
(Hinduism) (epithet) The god Nārāyaṇ.
भण्डारा bhanḍārā (3)
Reserve. Place where provisions, etc. are stored.
(Bābā) Kitchen. Place where food is distributed.
(Bābā) Treasure-Store.
भरपूर bharpūr (3)
Quite full, brimful, chokeful, crammed, replete, overflowing.
Sufficient, quite enough.
High (as a tide).
Full (as the moon).
बुद्धि buddhi (3)
The intelligent mind that thinks, observes its thoughts, sets a goal, imbibes knowledge or beliefs and judges what is right or not, what conforms to its purpose or not. This mind grows until an adult age.
चाहना chāhnā (3)
To wish, to want, to like, to love, to be fond of, to crave for, to desire, to require.
दान dān (3)
Donation, charity, alms, a religious gift (in cash or kind).
A suffix used to denote a stand, container or pot etc.
दूरदेश dūrdēśh (3)
Far away land, far away space.
द्वारा dvārā (3)
By, through, through the medium of, through the agency of, by means of, with.
गृहस्थ gr̥ihasth (3)
Being a householder; a householder; a brāhmaṇ carrying out the obligations of domestic life.
(Bābā) Household, carrying out the obligations of domestic life.
हर har (3)
हरना harnā (3)
her (3)
इसलिए isliē (3)
On this account, for this reason, hence, therefore.
ईश्वर īśhvar (3)
God, Ruler, Master, Lord.
इतना itnā (3)
As much as this, this much; so much, so many.
जब तक jab tak (3)
As long as.
(with negation) until.
कहाँ kahā̃ (3)
Interrogative pronominal adverb : Where ?
क्या kyā (3)
Interrogative pronoun What? for an open question.
Interrogative adjective What?, Which? (if followed by a name).
Interrogative pronoun for a closed question (yes/no type).
लगाना lagānā (3)
To engage, to employ.
To attach, to join, to connect.
To plant.
To apply.
To affix.
To make someone hang around.
To levy.
To touch.
To invest.
To paste, to stick.
To set, to fix.
To shut, to close.
To keep.
To backbite.
To inflame.
To add.
ने nē (3)
A postposition denoting the subject (ergative case that is to say with a past participle).
पहला pahlā (3)
पहले pahlē (3)
First, first of all, in the beginning, in olden times, originally, before, beforehand.
पलना palnā (3)
A school (esp. a primary school).
A Sanskrit school.
A room for reading or studying.
पवित्र pavitr (3)
Holy, sacred, pure.
राजयोग rājyōg (3)
'Yoga of the king', Raja Yoga, the highest, kingly yoga. The union of the soul with the Supreme Soul. The yoga that makes us the rulers of the self and the kings of the world.
रूप rūp (3)
Rūp, the one who smiles while making the flowers of virtues emerge from his lips. He is the embodiment of Yoga.
Form, shape, appearance, aspect, image, beauty, good looks, mould, type.
सब कुछ sab kuchh (3)
Everything, all.
सम्मुख sammukh (3)
Before, in front of; opposite, facing, confronting, being face to face.
सारा sārā (3)
All, the whole, whole, entire, complete, universal.
सतगुरू satgurū (3)
The good spiritual guide, the true spiritual guide, God.
सुख sukh (3)
Happiness, pleasure, comfort, felicity, contentment.
सुनना sunnā (3)
To hear, to listen, to pay heed.
Hearing, audition.
The most elevated, the loftiest, the highest, the most eminent.
उसका uskā (3)
Genitive case of vah : of him, of her, of that, his, her.
व्यवहार vyavahār (3)
Behaviour.
Dealings, treatment.
Transaction.
Practice.
Usage, use.
Application.
आगे āgē (2)
Ahead, in front of, before; in future.
आह्वान āhvān (2)
A call, summons, invocation, citation.
Almighty Authority.
आना ānā (2)
अर्थात् arthāt (2)
That is, that is to say, namely (viz.).
अथवा athavā (2)
Or.
That is.
और कोई aur kōī (2)
Someone else, anyone else.
authority (2)
Authority.
बादल bādal (2)
A cloud.
बाप कहते हैं bāp kahtē haĩ (2)
The Father says.
बापदादा bāpdādā (2)
Bāp and Dādā.
The Father Śhiv and the elder brother Brahmā,
The father Brahmā and the Grandfather Śhiv.
बढ़ना baṛhnā (2)
To increase, to multiply, to grow, to progress, to advance.
Bhagvān says, God says. (expression repeated in the Gītā)
भक्त bhakt (2)
A devotee.
भल bhal (2)
Even if, even though.
भरना bharnā (2)
To fill, to refill.
भट्ठी bhaṭṭhī (2)
Fire-place, grate, stove, oven, forge, furnace, kiln, alembic, still, washerman's boiler or copper, distillery.
(Bābā) Collective intensive meditation for a few hours (furnace).
board (2)
Board.
चाहिए chāhiē (2)
Is necessary, is needful, is requisite, is proper, is right.
It behoves.
Should, ought, must (be).
चैतन्य chaitanya (2)
Conscious, sensitive, alert and awake.
Consciousness, spirit.
छोटा chhōṭā (2)
Small, little, short, young, petty, subordinate, junior, insignificant.
चीज़ chīz (2)
Thing, article, item, object; commodity; ornament.
A thing of value, a valuable, a precious thing.
दया dayā (2)
Pity, mercy, compassion.
देहधारी dēhdhārī (2)
(One) who has a body, embodied, incarnate. (describes human beings)
दुनिया duniyā (2)
World.
The present world, the present life or state of existence.
The people of this world, people.
Worldly enjoyments or blessings, worldly goods, the good things of this life, wealth, riches.
दूर dūr (2)
Distant, remote.
Removed (as a difficulty).
(prefix) Distant; tele-.
Far, far off.
Distance, remoteness.
दूसरा dūsrā (2)
Second.
Other, another.
Next.
engine (2)
Engine.
gate (2)
Gate.
घूमना ghūmnā (2)
To take a walk, to stroll, to wander, to gyrate, to revolve, to whirl, to turn, to return, to roll, to spin, to waggle.
गुम gum (2)
Lost, wanting, missing, absent, invisible.
Wandering, distracted, confounded.
गुण guṇ (2)
Merit, virtue, great quality, excellence.
Constitutive quality, property, attribute.
One of the 3 qualities: sattva (purity, truth), rajas (strength, desire), and tamas (ignorance, inertia).
Sea or ocean of Gyān, sea or ocean of Knowledge.
To give in charge or possession (of, -ke), to hand or make over, to transfer, to consign, commit, doliver in trust, to intrust; to deposit.
हज़ार hazār (2)
Thousand, 1000.
हुक्म hukm (2)
इकट्ठा ikaṭṭhā (2)
Collected, gathered.
Together, in one lot.
जब jab (2)
(Relative pronoun) When.
जन्मना janamnā (2)
To be born.
जड़ jaṛ (2)
जड़ jaṛ (2)
Inanimate, immovable, inert.
Idiot, stupid.
जड़ना jaṛnā (2)
To stud, to inlay, to fix, to set, to mount, to put in.
झाड़ jhāṛ (2)
Tree, bush.
कैसा kaisā (2)
(interrogative adjective and adverb of manner) What-like, what sort of, what kind or manner of, in what manner, how, by what means.
कमाई kamāī (2)
Earnings.
के नीचे kē nīchē (2)
Under, below, at the bottom of.
किसलिए kisliē (2)
कुछ kuchh (2)
Something; anything.
A little, some.
fig. sthg. particular.
Some; any.
A few.
Somewhat, a little, at all.
लिखना likhnā (2)
To write, to enter, register, record, inscribe, note, compose (a work), enter (in a book).
low (2)
Low.
मा mā (2)
Abbreviation of the English word Master.
मैं maĩ (2)
I. (personal pronoun)
मालिक mālik (2)
Master, employer, owner, lord (as landlord), proprietor.
Husband.
ममत्व mamatva (2)
Affection, attachment, the sense of owniṉg or being one with something or somebody.
मशहूर maśhhūr (2)
नाम nām (2)
Name.
निकालना nikālnā (2)
occupation (2)
Occupation.
(Hinduism) Om! Peace! Peace! Peace! (Shanti Mantra or hindu prayer for peace in the Upanishads)
Me the soul ! Peace !
I am Peace !
Hello, good morning, good afternoon, good evening (greeting between bk)
पहाड़ी pahāṛī (2)
Mountainous, hilly, pertaining or belonging to the hills or mountain.
A hillock, mount, ridge.
A highlander.
पाना pānā (2)
Supreme Soul : Śiv and not Brahmā.
पढ़ाई paṛhāī (2)
Study, education, learning.
पढ़ना paṛhnā (2)
To read, to study, to recite.
To play one's part. When the soul incarnates, it becomes an actor and plays the part eternally inscribed within it.
फलाना phalānā (2)
प्राचीन prāchīn (2)
Ancient, old, outdated, antique.
पूछना pūchhnā (2)
To enquire, to ask, to investigate, to interrogate, to question.
पूरा pūrā (2)
Complete, all, whole, entire, full, gross, total, thorough, adequate.
Sufficiency, adequacy.
Human effort or exertion; valour; industry.
An object of human pursuit.
(Hinduism) The four basic aims of human existence (viz. dharm discharge of duty; arth acquirement of wealth; kām gratification of desire; mokṣha final emancipation).
(Bābā) The effort made by the soul to attain perfection.
(Bābā) Spiritual effort. The effort made for the sake (arth) of development of the soul (puruṣh). This effort includes the steps we take for attaining the perfect state of our original and eternal self.
राज्य rājya (2)
Kingdom, rule, reign, polity, the state.
रखना rakhnā (2)
To put, to place, to keep, to possess, to have, to employ, to appoint.
रोज़ rōz (2)
A day.
Everyday, daily.
सबको sabkō (2)
sab + kō : everything, everyone.
सबसे sabsē (2)
(superlative) Of all, the most.
शक्ति śhakti (2)
Power, strength, potency, energy.
Name of the goddess personifying divine power.
The energy or active power of a deity personified as his wife (as Gaurī of Śhiv, Lakṣhmī of viṣhṇu, &c.)
(Brahma kumaris) Sister, mother.
Śhiv Śhakti, the powers of Śhiv. In Bhakti they are portrayed as goddesses sitting on a lion, swan, lotus etc. They are symbolic of the victory over vices (demons). As power of Śhiv, brothers are Śhiv Śhakti too.
समान samān (2)
Equal, equivalent, similar, alike, identical, tantamount.
Tradition, established doctrine (transmitted from one teacher to another), traditional belief or usage.
A peculiar doctrine and exclusive worship of one divinity, any peculiar or schismatical system of religious teaching, schism.
A community, sect, band, company.
sanatorium (2)
संगम saṅgam (2)
Confluence, union, meeting.
सिखाना sikhānā (2)
To train, to teach, to instruct, to school.
शिव śhiv (2)
Beneficial, favorable, auspicious, salutary.
Well-being, prosperity, happiness.
(Hinduism) Confused with Śhaṅkar. Name of the third god of the Hindū triad, the Deity in the character of producer or destroyer (Śhiv's most distinctive function is to preside over the dissolution of the world at the end of each aeon in order that it may be created anew), or Time personified.
(Hinduism) The phallic or pillar emblem of Śhiv.
(Bābā) The name of the Supreme Being The Auspicious, the Good, the Well-being, etc. who does his work of Creation, Sustainment and Destruction of the World through the trimūrti Brahmā, Viṣhṇu and Śhaṅkar three subtle deities created by God in the subtle world.
(Bābā) The Seed of the Human World Tree.
(Bābā) The Point. He is the Supreme Soul and therefore has the shape of a point like any soul. As He is incorporeal, it was represented with the shape of a pillar or, more anciently, an egg. The degradation of devotion has led Hindus to see it as a phallic representation symbolizing the Creator role of God and others to transgress the rules of Hindu conduct (left path tantra) where sexuality is permitted and revered as a divine activity.
source of income (2)
Source of income.
The best, good, excellent, superior.
स्थापना, स्थापन sthāpanā, sthāpan (2)
Establishment.
(in particular) The establishment of the new world.
थोड़ा thōṛā (2)
A little, some, meagre, scanty.
Short.
तीनों tīnō̃ (2)
The three, all three.
त्रेता trētā (2)
The second of the four ages according the Hindu mythology : the silver age.
Enthusiasm and joy.
Pleasure.
Gusto and happiness.
ऊंच ūñch (2)
High, lofty, tall, raised, elevated, exalted, eminent.
विघ्न vighna (2)
Interruption, interference, meddling, obstacle, disturbance.
विशेष viśhēṣh (2)
Special, specific, particular, distinctive, characteristic, typical.
विष्णु viṣhṇu (2)
The Preserver of the world who adds himself to the Creator Brahmā and the Destroyer Śaṅkar (confused with Śiv the Supreme Being in Hinduism) to form the trimūrti.
(Bābā) Four-armed deity. A symbol of harmony of masculine and feminine qualities in a perfect person. A symbol of pure family path, a symbol of perfect couple.
योग yōg (2)
Connection, union.
Combination; conjuncture (as of heavenly bodies); agreement, similarity.
Yoga, a theory or practice of abstract meditation undertaken to bring the soul towards or into union with the supreme spirit; bodily exercises or disciplines, as conducive to the above.
(Bābā) Union in remembrance (especially with the Father).
अधिकार adhikār (1)
Right, authority, command, possession, occupation, entitlement.
अजुन ajun (1)
Still, yet.
अकासुर akāsur (1)
The asur (demon) Agha (Impurity), defeated by Kṛṣṇa as a child.
America (1)
America.
The time of nectar, the hour before dawn, the hour suitable for meditation or prayer.
(Sikhism) the hour before sunrise between 3:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m.
(Bābā) The time of amr̥t, the time of nectar, time of daily meditation after waking up, set from 4:00 a.m. to 4:45 a.m., when the atmosphere is very pure and Baba specially fills a soul with all powers, but perhaps at any time between 2:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m.
अन्दर andar (1)
In, inside, within.
अन्न ann (1)
Grain, food (usually. cooked).
अन्त ant (1)
End.
अनुभवी anubhavī (1)
Experienced, veteran, seasoned.
असुर asur (1)
Evil spirit, demon.
(Hinduism) The Asurs are said to inhabit the South pole, and are considered to be demons of the first order, and in constant hostility with the gods.
(Bābā) The human being in the iron age (who possesses the evil spirits of vices).
आसुरी āsurī (1)
Of or belonging to evil spirits (asur), devilish, diabolical, demoniacal.
अवस्था avasthā (1)
Condition, state, age, stage, phase.
आयु āyu (1)
बाद bād (1)
After, later, subsequently.
बाहर bāhar (1)
Out, outside, exterior, beyond, away.
A foreign land.
बजाना bajānā (1)
To play (an instrument, a recording).
To strike (a bell, gong); to beat (a drum).
To clap (the hands).
बकासुर bakāsur (1)
The asur (demon) with the appearance of a heron (baka). He was defeated by Kṛṣṇa as a child.
बन ban (1)
बंद band (1)
Closed, shut, locked, locked up.
Stopped, discontinued.
बाप-टीचर-गुरू bāp-teacher-gurū (1)
The Father, the Teacher and the Gurū.
बात bāt (1)
A matter, topic, subject, concern, fact, thing.
बताना batānā (1)
To say, to speak, to tell, to inform, to point out, to express, to thrash, to instruct.
Brother and sister.
The path of Bhakti, the path of devotion (one of the three paths prescribed for the achievement of human salvation; the other two being gyān and yōg).
(Bābā) All paths aspiring to liberation other than that the path God teaches. (which therefore fail in the liberation of the soul).
भारत bhārat (1)
The ancient name of India (so called because it was the patrimony of Bharat, son of Dushyant, who is said to have been the first monarch of all India)
भटकना bhaṭaknā (1)
To lose one's way, to go astray.
To gad, to meander, to wander about.
भव bhav (1)
भव bhav (1)
(imperative of 'to be', 'to become' in Sanskrit) Just become.
(Bābā) The word introduces a blessing 'May you be...' placed at the beginning in English but at the end in Hindi.
भिन्न bhinn (1)
Divided, separated, separate.
Distinct, different, other.
भोगना bhōgnā (1)
To enjoy, to suffer, to undergo, to derive sexual pleasure, to experience (pleasure or pain).
(Bābā) To experience happiness and unhappiness according to the quality of the karma accomplished. In paradise we experience happiness, the fruit of good karma accomplished at the age of encounter. In hell, we experience misfortune as a result of bad karma accomplished.
(Bābā) To enjoy and seek all the pleasures brought by the sense organs. It is experiencing illusory happiness because the karma accomplished is bad and therefore the result of misfortune.
भुजा bhujā (1)
The arm, the upper arm.
The proboscis of an elephant.
The side of a rectilineal figure; one of the shorter sides of a right-angled triangle (i.e. either the perpendicular or the base).
Maze, labyrinth.
भूलना bhūlnā (1)
To forget.
बिगर bigar (1)
(prep. and postp. generally preceded by kē) Without, excluding, to the exclusion of.
बीज bīj (1)
Seed, kernel. Source, origin, primary cause.
biography (1)
Biography. The history of a person's life.
ब्रह्मा-विष्णु-शंकर brahmā-viṣhṇu-śhaṅkar (1)
Brahmā, Viṣhṇu and Śhaṅkar.
ब्राह्मण brāhmaṇ (1)
(Hinduism) The first of the four castes in traditional Hindu social hierarchy whose main duty, as prescribed, was to study, to teach, to perform yagya and to subsist through alms.
(Brahma Kumaris) The mouth born child of Brahma.
To take rounds, to go around, to revolve, to whirl; to swirl.
चमक chamak (1)
Glitter, brilliance, splendour, flash, gleam.
चमकना chamaknā (1)
चेहरा chēhrā (1)
Face, countenance, mask, front.
छी-छी chhī-chhī (1)
Ugh! shame!
Excrement.
(Bābā) Dirty.
Christ (1)
Christ.
छुड़ाना chhuṛānā (1)
To free.
छुट्टी chhuṭṭī (1)
Permission.
Leave, holiday, furlough.
चित्र chitra (1)
Picture, painting, illustration, figure, photo.
class (1)
Class.
चुम्बक chumbak (1)
A magnet.
दैवी daivī (1)
Divine, ethereal, celestial.
डालना ḍālnā (1)
To put in, to pour, to drop, to thrust.
दरवाजा darvājā (1)
A door.
Goddess and god.
धक्का dhakkā (1)
धनधा dhandhā (1)
Vocation, occupation, business, work.
धर्म dharm (1)
What is to be held or kept: the complex of religious and social obligations which a devout Hindu is required to fulfil, right action, duty; morality; virtue, virtuous life; justice.
Customary observances of community or sect, etc.
The prescriptions or sanctions of religion; moral law.
Religion.
Particular nature or character; walk of life; way of life (e.g. of a woman as opposed to a man, of a man as opposed to a youth); caste.
Spiritual merit, as deriving from the fulfilment of dharma.
धारणा के लिए मुख्य सार dhārṇā kē liē mukhya sār (1)
Essence for dhārṇā.
To show oneself (or itself, &c.), to come in sight, to appear, to be visible or apparent, to be seen.
direction (1)
Direction.
डुबोना ḍubōnā (1)
To drown.
To immerse, to submerge, to dip.
To sully, to disgrace.
दुःखना duḥkhnā (1)
To pain, to ache, to smart, to throb.
To feel pity or compassion (for).
To feel compunction or remorse.
द्वापर dvāpar (1)
The third of the four yug or ages according to the Hindu mythology, the age of transition from good (satyug and trētā) to the age of vice (kaliyug).
ever happy (1)
ever wealthy (1)
fool (1)
गाँव gānv (1)
Village.
get (1)
To get.
Every now and again; again and again; repeatedly; constantly, every moment.
गीत gīt (1)
God Father (1)
good morning (1)
Good morning.
To Adopt a gurū.
हां hā̃ (1)
Yes, yea.
हर एक har ēk (1)
Each, every.
Each one, everybody.
हठयोग haṭhyōg (1)
'Yoga with force or violence'. The form of yoga in which emphasis is laid on physical disciplines and exercises (including breath-control) to achieve withdrawal of the mind from external objects.
healthy (1)
Healthy.
History and geography.
हूबहू hūbahū (1)
'he is as he is'. Just as it is, exactly, precisely.
Same, identically.
impossible (1)
Impossible.
in (1)
In.
ईश्वरीय īśhvarīy (1)
Pertaining to deity, divine, godlike.
(Bābā) Of Īśvar, of God.
जहाँ jahā̃ (1)
Where, wherever.
जैसेकि jaisēki (1)
जान jān (1)
जनक janak (1)
Used as a suffix to mean causing or bringing forth.
Father, progenitor, procreator, originator.
Name of a king of Mithila who was the father of Sītā, Rām's wife. He is known for knowing how to assume his role as king and at the same time remain detached from the world. He is the symbol of liberation in life.
जितना jitnā (1)
As much as, as many, how much, however much.
जीव jīv (1)
Creature, living being, life.
(Bābā) The living body which is ready to shelter or which shelters the soul.
जो कुछ jō kuchh (1)
Whatever, whatsoever, anything.
कब kab (1)
Interrogative adverb: When? At what time ?
कभी kabhī (1)
Sometime, ever.
कहानी kahānī (1)
कमल kamal (1)
कमरा kamrā (1)
कांटा kāṇṭā (1)
Thorn, spicule, fork, hook, fishing hook, prong.
Balance, the tongue of a balance.
Hands of a watch.
The process of testing the correctness of a multiplication sum.
Bone of fish.
A thorn in the side; inconvenience, impediment (as to progress); cause of care or suffering.
कारण kāraṇ (1)
Reason, cause.
Agency, instrument.
For the reason, because (of, -ke), on account (of), for the sake (of), &c.
कर्म karm (1)
Action (with its fruit, and implications of merit); an act, deed.
(moral) duty or obligation.
A religious observance, action or rite (as sacrifice, ablution, funeral obsequies).
Fate (as the consequence of previous acts); fortune, lot.
Result, effect.
कर्म-अकर्म-विकर्म की गति karma-akarma-vikarma kī gati (1)
The movement of karma, akarma and vikarma.
कड़ुवा kaṛuvā (1)
Bitter, unpleasant.
Bitterness.
Unpleasantness.
कायदा kāydā (1)
A rule, regulation, law, ordinance.
Regularity.
के पास kē pās (1)
Near to.
Belonging to (genitive marker).
To have (used with the verb hōnā to be).
के ऊपर kē ūpar (1)
On, upon.
Above.
खड़ा khaṛā (1)
Standing, erect, upright, straight, vertical, steep, stationary.
खोलना khōlnā (1)
To open, to unfold, to untie, to detach, to unravel, to unroll, to unfasten.
खुलना khulnā (1)
To open.
To be uncovered.
To be untied.
To start.
To clear.
ख्यालात khyālāt (1)
Thoughts, ideas, imaginations, fancies, &c.
क्यों kyō̃ (1)
Why.
लाभ lābh (1)
लगना lagnā (1)
लड़ाई laṛāī (1)
Fight, war, battle, quarrel, encounter, clash, enmity.
लड़ाना laṛānā (1)
law (1)
Law.
liberate (1)
Liberate.
limit (1)
Limit.
मधुबन madhuban (1)
(Hinduism) 'The forest of the demon Madhu,' near the Yamuna river (where Śhatru-ghna, after killing Lavaṇa, son of Madhu, founded the city of Madhurā or Mathurā, the city where Kr̥iṣhṇa was born, where God was incarnated).
(Bābā) Place where the seat of the Brahma Kumaris is located where the Supreme Being has descended on numerous occasions (in the body of Brahmā, then of Dadi Gulzar).
महत्व mahatva (1)
Importance.
Significance.
Greatness.
Magnitude.
मनाना manānā (1)
'to make mindful'.
To cause to agree, to persuade; to reason with; to prevail on.
To console.
To conciliate (an opponent, one offended); to placate; to soothe.
To invoke (a deity); to worship; to propitiate (a patron, &c.).
To cause to be kept, to celebrate (as a festival, a holiday).
(poetry) To acknowledge (a fault).
To meditate, to reflect on.
मन्दिर mandir (1)
Temple.
मनुष्य सृष्टि manuṣhya sr̥iṣhṭi (1)
Creation of human beings.
Human world.
मंज़िल mañzil (1)
Destination, stage, storey.
मरना marnā (1)
To die, to pass away, to wither away, to become ineffective, to vanish, to disappear, to discontinue, to be absorbed, to fall for. Death, post-death rites.
मत mat (1)
Opinion, view. Doctrine (which contains the author's opinions).
माता mātā (1)
Mother.
An affectionate or respectful term of address to a woman.
The small-pox (so named from the goddess Devī; cf. sītalā).
माया māyā (1)
The Illusion of the world which makes us believe false things and distances us from the Truth taught by God. The world, nature, the universe is not in itself an illusion. It is an eternal reality as is the soul and the Supreme Soul.
मज़ा mazā (1)
Pleasure, relish, savour, taste, flavour, fun, jollity.
मिलन milan (1)
Meeting, union, contact.
मिसल misāl (1)
Like.
Example.
Sweet children.
most beloved (1)
The most beloved.
मुझे याद करो mujhē yād karō (1)
Remember Me.
मुख mukh (1)
The mouth, beak, snout, muzzle.
Face, countenance.
Front, fore-part.
Opening, aperture, entrance, exit.
Commencement.
Abode of liberation, of final deliverance, of salvation.: the incorporeal world of souls.
Idol, statue, image.
नहीं तो nahī̃ tō (1)
Otherwise, or else, if not, lest, but for.
No, certainly not.
नर्क nark (1)
Hell (the place of torment, as distinguished from pātāl, 'the lower regions' ; narak includes a number of places of torture of various descriptions, generally said to be twenty-one in number).
निरन्तर nirantar (1)
ordinance (1)
Ordinance.
पद pad (1)
Office, status, rank.
A versified composition (esp. eulogizing God or His sport).
Foot (of a measure or verse).
Footstep, step.
Expression, term, word in its particular context.
Articles (like an umbrella, shoes, clothes, utensils) given away for the gratification of the soul of a deceased.
(Bābā) Position obtained in the Golden Age (king, queen, subject, servant, etc.) through current efforts (of the Age of Encounter).
पहाड़ pahāṛ (1)
पालना pālnā (1)
To protect, guard, preserve, foster, nourish, cherish, bring up, rear, breed, domesticate.
To adopt.
Parents' sustenance, care, upbringing, support.
पालना pālnā (1)
पंच pañch (1)
5, five.
An arbitrator or a body of arbiters or jury.
The headman of a caste or village.
परमधाम paramdhām (1)
Supreme Father.
परी parī (1)
A fairy.
(fig.) A beautiful woman.
part (1)
Part.
The Saviour of the fallen, the One who purify the sinful (epithet of the supreme being).
फरमान pharmān (1)
A royal edict, royal command, royal decree.
Philippines (1)
फिर भी phir bhī (1)
Notwithstanding, even then, in spite of that.
फूल phūl (1)
A flower.
The tassel of a rosary (a decoration, consisting of a bunch of hanging threads tied tightly at one end and loose at the other end).
फूलना phūlnā (1)
पीछे pīchhē (1)
Behind, on the back side of.
After, afterwards.
Backwards.
In the absence of.
point (1)
Point.
प्रभु prabhu (1)
Master, lord, ruler.
God.
प्रजा prajā (1)
Subjects, public, people.
प्रश्न praśhna (1)
Question, query, interrogation, interpellation, problem.
Early morning Murlī.
प्रति prati (1)
Towards.
पुकारना pukārnā (1)
To call.
To cry out.
To call for help.
To exclaim, to proclaim.
पुखराज pukhrāj (1)
A topaz.
पुष्प puṣhp (1)
Flower.
पूतना pūtnā (1)
प्यार pyār (1)
Love, affection, amour, amorous relationship.
प्यारा pyārā (1)
Dear, beloved, loved.
Pleasing, lovely.
A dear one, beloved.
रचयिता rachayitā (1)
Creator, composer, author.
राजाई rājāī (1)
Kingship, royalty, rank or function of a king, sovereignty, princedom, kingly dignity or authority, supremacy, government, sway, rule, reign.
The rule of Rām. Golden rule. Just, equitable and ideal rule.
(Bābā) The kingdom of God. (in the golden age for gods and goddesses and established by God)
रथ rath (1)
Chariot, vehicle (of a god).
refresh (1)
Refresh.
result (1)
Result.
right (1)
Right.
रूहानी बाप की रूहानी बच्चों को नमस्ते rūhānī bāp kī rūhānī bachchō̃ kō namastē (1)
सभा sabhā (1)
Assembly, meeting, company.
Council.
A sitting of the king in council.
A judicial court, hall of audience.
सब्ज sabj (1)
सबका sabkā (1)
(genitive case of sab) Of everyone.
सबमें sabmē̃ (1)
सद्गति sadgati (1)
Salvation, assignment to a better abode in the post-death existence.
(Bābā) Fruit, the same as jeevanmukti. It is therefore Salvation, life in the golden age but at the same time this Salvation is quantified by the measure of the efforts made today (which gives the future position of king, subject, servant).
सागर sāgar (1)
Sea, ocean (huge expanse of water of which we cannot see the end).
सहज sahaj (1)
Easy, simple.
Spontaneous, straightforward, ingenuous.
Innate, natural, congenital.
साहूकार sāhūkār (1)
A money-lender, private banker, rich man, man of means.
सजाना sajānā (1)
To decorate, to adorn, to embellish, to beautify.
To furnish.
To arrange.
To dress neatly.
सजना sajnā (1)
सामग्री sāmagrī (1)
Matter, substance.
Material, things, stuff.
Data, information.
(Hinduism) the necessary items for homa (or yagya), the fire-sacrifice ritual.
समझ samajh (1)
Understanding, mental grasp, intelligence, sense, judgment.
Mind; opinion, view.
समय samay (1)
Time.
Period.
Times, timings.
Occasion.
Leisure.
A convention.
To take care of.
To support.
To hold.
To keep in careful custody.
To manage.
To supervise.
संपन्न sampann (1)
Prosperous, rich, well-off.
Completed, accomplished.
(suffix) Equipped, provided, endowed with, abundantly endowed with, possessed of (as of wealth, learning).
Prosperity, wealth, success.
Completion, perfection.
संग saṅg (1)
Company, association, contact.
The age of meeting. The fifth age of the cycle allowing the transition from the Iron Age to the Golden Age. The age when human beings can know, meet, remember and learn from God to become deities and go to heaven.
शंकर śhaṅkar (1)
(Hinduism) 'Causing happiness', an epithet of Śiv or Mahādev.
(Hinduism) The annihilator of the universe.
(Hinduism) Name of a celebrated teacher of the Vedānta philosophy (he was a man of remarkable learning and sanctity; and is supposed to have lived between A.D. 650 and 740; but according to tradition he flourished 200 B.C.: he is said to have eradicated the Jain sect).
(Bābā) The subtle divinity representing destruction, part of the trimurti with Brahma and Vishnu.
शंकर-पार्वती śhaṅkar-pārvatī (1)
Śhaṅkar and Pārvatī.
सर्व sarv (1)
All ; whole, entire, complete.
शास्त्र śhāstra (1)
Scripture(s), a religious or scientific treatise, a composition of divine or secular authority.
साथ sāth (1)
With, together, along with.
Company, association.
सतसंग satsaṅg (1)
Association with the virtuous or the good.
Good people or company.
A congregation gathered to worship and sing bhajans.
(Bābā) The company (sang) of the Truth (sat), that is the company of the Supreme Father and His knowledge.
सवार savār (1)
Mounted, riding.
A rider, horseman.
सज़ा sazā (1)
Punishment, penalty.
school-college (1)
School and college.
सिद्ध siddh (1)
Accomplished, brought about; realised (an objective, a wish); completed; perfected.
Obtained, acquired.
Demonstrated, proved (a fact, a case); substantiated.
Sound, valid (as usage); mature (as judgment).
Decided, adjudicated (as a law-suit).
Accepted (as), famous (as).
Cooked (food); prepared, concocted (as a dye).
Thoroughly versed (in a field of knowledge; or in magic).
Endowed with supernatural powers; perfected or sanctified (as by penance).
Sacred, holy.
A semi-divine being of great perfection, said to possess eight supernatural faculties or siddhis.
An ascetic of great powers and saintliness.
A magician who has acquired superhuman powers.
सिखलाना sikhlānā (1)
To train, to teach, to instruct, to school.
Persian word derived from the Sindhi word "sik" which means "very dear". Just like ordinary parents, after waiting a lot, have a lot of sik-sik (love) for the child at birth. Likewise after 5000 years, the children meet at the confluence, then there is a lot of love for the children.
(Bābā) Who disappear and then are found after a long time.
सिर sir (1)
Head.
Top, apex, highest part or point.
slogan (1)
Slogan.
स्मृति smr̥iti (1)
Memory, remembrance.
Books of traditional code of Hindu law.
सृष्टि sr̥iṣhṭi (1)
Creation.
The world.
सुबह subah (1)
Morning, dawn.
सूपनखा sūpnakhā (1)
The vampire Śūrpṇakhā who has fan-shaped claws, sister of Rāvaṇ. She was mocked by Sītā; taking on a horrible form she wanted to devour her, but Lakṣmaṇa disfigured her by cutting off her nose and ears; to take revenge she incited Rāvaṇ to abduct Sītā.
स्वच्छ svachchh (1)
Clean, clear, neat, pure, transparent.
Late, deceased.
Inhabitant of heaven.
स्वयं svayã (1)
तब तक tab tak (1)
तक tak (1)
To, upto, till, until, by.
तकलीफ taklīph (1)
Trouble, distress.
Ailment.
तन tan (1)
Body.
ठोकर ṭhōkar (1)
थोड़ेही thōṛēhī (1)
Little indeed, in no part or degree, not at all, in no wise, never.
time (1)
Time.
तीन tīn (1)
तो भी tō bhī (1)
Even so, even then, in spite of this/that, nevertheless, nonetheless, still. (often used with bhal 'even though')
You know.
उल्टा ulṭā (1)
Reverse, reversed, topsy-turvy, opposite, contrary, overturned, inverted.
unconscious (1)
ऊपर ūpar (1)
On, upon, above, upward, over.
उठाना uṭhānā (1)
To raise, to lift up.
To wake up.
To rent out.
To bear.
To remove.
उत्तर uttar (1)
Answer, reply.
North.
Later.
वही vahī (1)
(emphatic form of vah) That very, that very one.
वैसा vaisā (1)
'The left path', 'the contrary path' , 'the vile path': the Tantrik cult (which prescribes wine, woman, etc. as essentials).
वरदान vardān (1)
Granting a favor or a wish, blessing.
(Hindu mythology) A blessing, typically a supernatural power, granted to an ascetic by a god or goddess.
वर्ष varṣh (1)
Year.
वेद vēd (1)
The most ancient and sacred scriptures of the Hindus, four in number, viz, Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, Atharvaveda; knowledge, divine knowledge.
Vēd and Śhāstra, Vedas and sacred texts.
वेला vēlā (1)
Time, hour.
विधि vidhi (1)
Law.
Method, manner, system.
Direction.
Rule.
A prescribed act or rite or ceremony, prescription, imperative.
Destiny, providence.
The Creator-Lord Brahmā.
विकारी vikārī (1)
Variable, changeable (for the worse), undergoing change, changed.
Harmful (as to health).
Perverse.
(grammar) Oblique.
(Bābā) Vicious (having one of the 5 vices: sexual desire, anger, greed, attachment and ego).
विलायत vilāyat (1)
A foreign land or country, Europe, England.
विष viṣh (1)
वृद्ध vr̥iddh (1)
Old, elderly, aged.
An aged man, old man.
वृद्धि vr̥iddhi (1)
Increase, increment, rise, growth, progress, enlargement, augmentation, enhancement, magnification.
world (1)
World.
wrong (1)
याद yād (1)
Remembrance, recollection, memory.
युग yug (1)
An age, epoch, era, period, times.
One of the four ages-viz satyug, trētā, dvāpar, kaliyug - of the world according to Indian tradition.
(Bābā) To which is added the age of the meeting (age of confluence). The 4 previous ages being of equal duration, i.e. 1250 years.
ज़ोर zōr (1)
Strength, force, power.
Stress, strain.
Emphasis.
Support.
Influence.